Unit1Helpingthoseinneedgettingready1.raisev.筹募raisemoney意为“募集钱款”。Thestudentsareraisingmoneyforthepeoplewholosthomesintheearthquake.v.增加；提高HowcanweraiseEnglishlevelsinashorttime?提高英语水平【提示】raise是一个及物动词，后可直接跟宾语。其常见的释义和用法还有：(1)使上升；使升起：WecanseesoldiersraisethenationalflagonTian'anmenSquareeverymorning.(2)提及；提起：Thebookraisesmanyquestionsforreaderstothinkabout．(3)抚养；养育；培养：Fatherraisedthefamily.(4)饲养；喂养：Iwanttoraiseadogasmypet．【辨析】raise与riseraise，及物动词，“使上升；使升起”。一般指日常生活中的事物上升。如：举起了杯子、提高了租金.rise，不及物动词,(rise-rose-risen)。说明一些自然现象的升起。如：日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价以及人的职位等.【小试】 I. 用上述动词的正确形式完成下列句子。（1）.He _________ his head to lookatme. （2）.The people’s living standard has greatly been ______. （3）.Her temperature is still ______. II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （1）.The prices are ______ fast these days. Nobody can get the prices down.A. going down B. risingC. raising           D. brought down. （2）.They’ve ______ up to 20,000yuan for the Hope Project. A. rose         B. raise     C. raised     D. risen     2.permissionn.准许；批准不可数名词Jimtookthelaptopwithoutpermission.laskpermission意为“报请批准”。如：HowmanytimeshaveIremindedyouthatyouneedtoaskpermissionfirst?l我们可以用askpermissiontodosth表示“征得同意做某事’．如：Sheaskedpermissiontoleaveworkearlybecauseherdaughterwasill.lgivesb.permissiontodosth意为“允许某人做某事”，与allowsb.todosomething意思相近。Giveyourselfpermissiontotakeabreak,evenalittleone．10\n【链接】permitv.允许；准许；使有可能Wehopetovisittheschooliftimepermits．如果时间允许1.Helpingthoseinneed帮助那些有困难的人inneed意为“有困难的”，常位于名词后作后置定语。如：Wearecollectingmoneyforfamiliesinneed.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed．（谚语）患难中的朋友才是真正的朋友。我们用inneedof表示“需要……”。如：Thebuildingisinneedofrepair．2.Readthreestudents'reportsontheirvoluntarywork.voluntarywork意为“义务性工作”。如：Inhersparetimeshedoesvoluntarywork．她在业余时间做义工。voluntary为形容词，意为“志愿的；无偿的”。名词形式为volunteer，意为“志愿者”。3.seriousadj.严重的Hehasaseriousillness.Thereisnothingserious.Everyoneknowshowseriousthedangeris．大家都明白情况有多危险。【提示】serious还有如下的常见含义及用法：(1)认真的：Heisaseriousstudentandworksveryhard.认真(2)严肃的：Beserious,John!Don'tmakefunofme.严肃点，约翰！别拿我开玩笑。【链接】seriouslyadv.严重地Heisseriouslyill．他病得很重。4.illnessn.（某种）病,是可数名词,复数形式为illnesses.Hediedofaseriousillness．他死于重病。【辨析】sick与illsick作表语生病的，恶心的Hiswifewassickinbedwithacold.作定语生病的Ihelpedsickchildren.ill作表语生病的Shehasbeenillforamonth.5.organizev.组织；筹备Intheend,wealldecidedtoorganizeaconcertforEaster．复活节【链接】organizationn.组织organizern.组织者6.painn.痛苦；苦恼Thedeathofhisfathergavehimgreatpain．父亲的死使他很痛苦。Hisunkindwordscausedhermuchpain．他说话很刻薄，弄得她很难受。(谚语)Nopains,nogains.没有付出，就没有收获。【链接】painn．（身体上的）疼痛painfuladj.痛苦的；苦恼的7.lonelyadj.孤独的；寂寞的Thedarknessmakesmefeelsolonely.夜色让我如此孤寂。10\n【比较】lonely与alonealone副词。“独自地；单独地”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。Iliketoworkalone．形容词。一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。Sheisaloneathome．lonelylonelierloneliest表语。表示“孤独的；寂寞的”之意，带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的意思。IneverfeellonelywhenIamwithmyfriends.定语。lonely用作定语时，意为“无人烟的；荒凉的；偏僻的”That'salonelyisland．IwasalonebutIdidn'tfeellonely．(江苏无锡中考)Thoughhisgrandmotherlives______,sheneverfeels______.A.alone;aloneB.lonely;lonelyC.alone;lonelyD.lonely;alone1.peacen.平静;宁静Ihopetofindalittlepeaceofmind.我渴望找寻到一丝内心的平静。Everythingwasatpeacehere.在这里，一切都很平静。【链接】peacefuladj.平静的；和平的peacefullyadv.平静地;和平地2.hurtv.(hurt，hurt)（使）疼痛；受伤Jackhurthimselfwhilehewastryingtoescapefromthepolice．Hehurthisbackinanaccident．【提示】动词hurt还有以下一些常见的释义和用法：(1)（身体某部位）感到疼痛：Myeyeshurt.(2)伤害（感情）；使伤心：HeisafraidofhurtingBetty'sfeelings.languagepoints1.achildwithoutparents意为“孤儿”，相当于orphan。它是一个介词短语作后置定语的结构，即withoutparents作定语修饰名词child。类似的结构还有:thedogsindanger有危险的狗familieswithonlyonechild独生子女家庭2.Threeteenagersofferedtodosomevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.offertodosomething意为“主动提出做某事”。如：NickofferedtohelpJackwithhisMathshomework.offer的主要用法有：offersth提出某事Iofferedagoodplanforourholiday.offertodosth（主动）提出做某事Tomofferedtodriveustothebus10\nstation.offersb.sth=offersthtosb.（主动）给某人提供某物Weshouldofferothersourhelp.3.Thechildrenthereallsufferfromseriousillnesses.那里的孩子都遭受着重病的折磨。sufferv.（因疾病等）受苦；受折磨Shesufferedgreatlyasachild.她童年深受苦难。sufferfrom意为“因……受苦；受折磨”。如：Manyteenagersaresufferingfromthecomputergames.Hischildissufferingfromabadcold.Thiscountryoftensuffersfromfloodsanddrought.4.ImetagirlcalledCindy.句中calledCindy是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰agirl,意为“名叫辛迪的”.called也可用named来代替。TheKingshaveadaughtercalled/namedJessica．(姓金一家)【拓展】①作定语是过去分词的用法之一，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。IlikethesongssungbyLiuHuan．②过去分词（短语）作定语相当于一个定语从句。IlikethebookswrittenbyLuXun.=IlikethebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.(兰州中考)--Whatareonshowinthemuseum?--Somephotos______bythechildrenofYushu,Qinghai.A.havebeentakenB.weretakenC.aretakenD.taken5.Thishelpsthemexpresstheirfeelings.这有助于他们表达自己的情感。expressv.表达；表露Heexpressedtoushisideasaboutthenewteacher．他向我们表达了他对新老师的看法。【提示】当express表示“表达；表露”之意时，通常不接双宾语。如：他对她表示了他的谢意。(×)Heexpressedherhisthanks.(√)Heexpressedhisthankstoher.【链接】expressionn.表达;表情expressone'sfeelings意为“表达某人的情感；抒发某人的感情”。如：Mother'sDaygivespeopleachancetoexpresstheirfeelingstowardtheirmum．10\n5.WespenttimewithagirlcalledVivien.spendtimewith意为“与……共度；陪伴”。如：WhileinHawaii，Mr.Hillspenttimewithhiswife．Ispenttimewithmysonandtalkedtohimalot．【拓展】【拓展】①spend还可以表示“花费”。Howmuchmoney如youspendeachweek?你每星期花多少钱？②常见搭配：sb.+spend(s)+money/time+(in)doingsth某人花费金钱／时间做某事sb.十spend(s)+money/time+onsth某人在某事／某物上花费金钱／时间TheyspendalotoftimewatchingTVeveryday.Hedoesn'tspendmuchmoneyonfood.(2013．山东潍坊)--Doyouoftengetonline?--Yes.I_______lotsoftimeonit.It'sagoodwaytokilltime.A.costB.spendC.takeD.use6.Sheneedsfriendship.need此处用作实义动词，意为“需要”，可构成:needsth;needtodosth。Theydon'tneedanyhelp.Heneedstohaveagoodrest.而needdoingsth,表示被动意义。Theseflowersneedwatering.【拓展】need作情态动词时,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。Youneedn'tbecomeverynervous.--MustIbringmyhomeworknow?--No,youneedn't.Youcanbringittomorrow.(No,youneedn’t.=No,youdon’thaveto.不，不必。)7.MymotherandIwillcontinuetovisitVivien.continuetodosth意为“继续做某事”。如：AfterreadingLesson9,hecontinuedtoreadLesson10．ThoughPeterisverybusy,hewillcontinuetohelpchildrenatthelocalhospital.8.Theyhavedifficultywalkingormoving.difficultyn.困难；费劲difficultydifficultadj.困难的不可数名词困难；费劲Ihadnodifficulty(in)learningEnglish．可数名词表示具体的困难，意为“难事；难点；困境；难处”Infaceofsomanydifficulties，wewereneverafraid．havedifficulty(in)doingsomething表示“做某事有困难”。如：Thestudentshavedifficulty(in)understandingthesentence.10\n若后接名词，则常用havedifficultywithsth的结构。如：SomestudentsinthisclasshavedifficultywithEnglishpronunciation．【拓展】类似的结构还有：havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有麻烦haveproblems(in)doingsth做某事有问题havefun(in)doingsth做某事有乐趣(2013．山东聊城)-Ihavegreat_____infinishingtheworkbymyself.Couldyouhelpme?-Noproblem.A.funB.successC.adviceD.difficulty10.Apersonwithcourageisusuallynotafraidofsomethingdangerousordifficult.beafraidof意为“害怕，不敢”后可接名词、代词或动名词。Sheisafraidofsnakes.Iwasafraidofgoingthroughthewoods【拓展】①beafraid还可按不定式结构，即beafraidtodosth.，意为“害怕做某事”。Heisafraidtogooutatnight.②beafraid还可以接that从句，表示“担心／害怕……”Hewasafraidthathewouldlose.③I’mafraid…可翻译成“恐怕……”，属于口语中的委婉用语，表示遗憾、惋惜、判断或表示因不愿做某事面显得语气缓和些，其否定形式为I’mafraid...not...I’mafraidthatIcan'thelpyou.我恐怕不能帮助你。运用前缀(prefixes)猜词义（1）.大多数形容词前加un-happy—unhappylucky—unluckyfortunate—unfortunatefair—unfairimportant—unimportanthealthy—unhealthyprepared—unprepared（2）.以c-,e-开头的形容词，多加in-：correct—incorrectexpensive—inexpensivedefinite—indefinite（3）.以p开头的形容词，多加im-：possible—impossiblepolite—impolite（4）.以r-开头的形容词，多加ir-：regular—irregular（5）.有些形容词加dis-：honest—dishonest10\n【拓展】含有加前缀构成的反义形容词的句子不属于否定句。在改为反意疑问句时，附加问句部分仍用否定形式。Heisunhappytoday,isn’the?课堂练习I.用新单词完成下面的句子。如有必要,须改变单词的形式。1.Ihopethatourschoolwill_____________moreoutingsinthefuture.2.Wehavebeenfriendsfornearlytenyears.Ihopeour_____________willlastforever.3.ThedoctorsaidtoWilliam'smother,"Itisn'ta_____________illness.Givehimenoughwatertodrinkandsoonhewillfeelbetter."4.Wemustn'tlaughatthe_____________andweshouldtryourbesttohelpthem.5.Themanagersaidtoallthestaffmembers,"Iwill_________allyoursalarybecauseyouallhavedoneagoodjob."6.Youhavehelpedmewiththeprojectsomuch.Idon'tknowhowto______________mythanks.7.Idon'tthinkIhaveany_________inworkingouttheproblem.It’ssoeasy.8.Youshouldn'ttouchthemachineswithoutmy_____________.9.Ifyouwanttomakeapublicspeech,youneednotonlygoodEnglishbutalso_____________.Thatistosay,youshouldbebrave.10.ItwasraininghardwhenIlefttheoffice.Mr.Smith,myboss,_________mearideinhiscarhome.II.选择适当的词组完成下列句子。如有必要，须改变形式。每个词组仅使用一次。askpermissionraisemoneyinneedvoluntaryworkoffertosufferfromspendtimewithcontinuetohavedifficultyraiseone'sspirits1.Mygrandfatherhas_______________aseriousheartdiseaseforalongtime.2.Myfriend____________drivemetotheairportbecauseitwasraininghardandIcouldn'tfindataxi.3.Thestudents_____________completingtheproject.Somostofthemaskedtheirparentsforhelp.4.Ithinkyouneedto____________beforeyouuseWendy'scomputer.5.Weshouldusethemoneytohelpthosepeople____________.6.Idon'twanttogotoParisforsuchashortholiday.I'dratherstayathomeand________mykids.10\n1.Cheerup,Simon!Drinkacupofcoffeenowanditmay____________.2.ThestudentsatMayfieldSchoolwill____________forthechildreninAfricanextweek.3.Nowadays,moreandmoreteenagerstakepartin__________tohelppeopletheydon'tknowatall.4.AfterJudycompletedherMathshomework,she____________domorePhysicsexercises.I.Readingcomprehension．DearKitty,IamsorrythatIdidnotwritetoyouearlier.IwashelpingwithacharityshowbecauseIwantedtoraisemoneyforProjectGreenHope.Ifeltveryhappywhentheorganizerschosemetobethehost.ItwasexcitingbutIwasalsoverynervousbecauseoftheTVcameras.Iknewthatlotsofpeoplewouldwatchtheshowandmanyfamouspopstarswouldcometoo.Westartedworkingontheshowtwomonthsago.Itwasmyjobtointroduceeachstar.Ihadmanyotherdutiestoo.ItwashardworkbutIwashappy.Wepracticedalotbeforetheshow.Ihadtoremembertolookattherightcameraattherighttime.AtthebeginningIthoughtitwouldbedifficult.Slowly,everythingbecamealittlebiteasier.Thebigdaycameveryfastandsuddenlyitwasthenightbeforethebigevent.Icouldn’tsleepallnightbecauseIwassoexcited.Twentyminutesbeforetheshow,thedoorsopenedandmanypeoplecameintothetheatre.“Notimetobenervousanymore.Thisisit.”Itoldmyself.Alotofpeoplecametotheshow.Thefansofthepopstarsweremakingalotofnoise.Ihadtospeakloudlybecauseofthenoise.Everythingseemedtobehappensofastandnowitisallover.ManypeopledonatedmoneytoProjectGreenHope.Ihopewecanhavemoreeventslikethistoraisemoneyforcharities.Ihopetoseeyousoon.Ricky（1）.判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示。()1.TheTV'camerasmadeRickyfeelnervous.()2.Rickystartedworkingontheshowthreemonthsago.()3.ItwasRicky'sjobtotalktoeachstar.()4.Rickyhadalotofthingstodo.()5.Thedoorsclosedtwentyminutesbeforetheshow.()6.ManypeoplegavemoneytoProjectGreenHope.10\n()7.Rickyhopestherewillbemorecharityshows.（1）.根据短文内容，将左右两栏中的句子正确配对。()1.Rickyhelpedwiththecharityshowa.hewantedtohelpraisemoneyforProjectbecauseGreenHope.()2.TheorganizerschoseRickytobetheb.theystartedworkingonittwomonthsago.hostoftheshowand()3.Theyneededtopractisealotbeforec.hecouldnotsleepthenightbeforethetheshowsoshow.()4.Rickywasworriedandafraidd.becauseoftheTVcameras.()5.Rickywassoexcitedthate.thenoisefromthefans.()6.Rickyhadtospeakloudlybecauseoff.hefeltveryhappyandnervousaswell.I.Translation。1.我们可以通过唱歌、朗读诗歌来表达我们的感情。(expressone'sfeelings)__________________________________________________________2.萨姆举起手来，想征得允许离开教室。(askpermissiontodosomething)__________________________________________________________3.温迪从自行车上摔了下来，伤到了自己。(hurt)__________________________________________________________4.西蒙的爷爷独自居住，但他从不觉得孤独。(alone,lonely)__________________________________________________________5.她主动提出要帮母亲拿盒子。(offertodosomething)__________________________________________________________6.那些青少年正在操场上开心地打着篮球。(teenager)__________________________________________________________7.长期的疾病让他变得很瘦，我都认不出来了。(illness,so…that)__________________________________________________________8.年前她遭遇了车祸，从那以后她经常背疼。(sufferfrom,pain)__________________________________________________________口语技巧——谈论计划与安排1.我们可以用am/is/aregoingto表达确定的打算或意图。如：She'sgoingtobuyanewdress.Cindy'sparentsaregoingtoflyhome.2.我们也可以用am/is/areplanningto表示计划和打算。10\nWeareplanningtohaveapicnicintheforestparkthisSaturday.Iamplanningtoteachthechildrentosing.1.我们可以用thinkof/about表示不确定的意图，即表示有想法，但不一定能实现。I’mthinkingofgoingtowatchafilm.We’rethinkingaboutstartingaMusicClub.口语操练：--WhatareyougoingtodoonSaturday?--(tidymyroom)definite:indefinite:--WhatareyougoingtodoonSunday?--(visitmygrandmother)definite:indefinite:--WhatareyougoingtodonextSaturday?–(helpmumcleantheroom)definite:indefinite:10