SectionAGrammarFocus-4c,Tounderstandandusethepassivevoice(pasttense)be+v(ed).Totalkaboutwheninventationswereinventedandwheretheywereinvented.Ifyoulike,youcanpracticemore.Objectives,被动语态(PassiveVoice)结构:be+V-p.p.am/are/is+动词的过去分词was/were+动词的过去分词一般现在时的被动语态:一般过去时的被动语态:,ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Thenaughtyboybrokethewindowyesterday.(主动语态)Thewindowwasbroken(bythenaughtyboy)yesterday.,Weboughtsomebooks.主动句与被动句之间的转换Somebookswerebought(byus)主语谓语动词主动语态的过去式宾语主语谓语动词被动语态的过去分词介词+宾语,主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。,过去式被动语态的几种句型肯定句主语+be+过去分词+(by…)Asweetsongwassungbyheronthestage.2否定句主语+be+not+过去分词+(by…)一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?Asweetsongwasn’tsungbyheronthestage.Wasasweetsongsungbyheronthestage?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?Wherewasasweetsongsungbyher?,GrammarFocusWhenwasthezipperinvented?Itwasinventedin1893.Whowasitinventedby?ItwasinventedbyWhitcombJudson.WhenwasteabroughttoKorea?ItwasbroughttoKoreaduringthe6thand7thcenturies.Whatisthehotice-creamscoopusedfor?It’susedforservingreallycoldice-cream.ActiveVoice:AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.PassiveVoice:Thetelephonewasinvented(byAlexanderGrahamBell)in1876.,1.Whenwasthezipperinvented?C.Itwasinventedin1893.2.Whowasitinventedby?D.ItwasinventedbyWhitcombJudson.3.WhenwasteabroughttoKorea?A.ItwasbroughttoKoreaduringthe6thand7thcenturies.4.Whatisthehotice-creamscoopusedfor?B.It’susedforservingreallycoldice-cream.Matchthequestionswiththeanswers.,一般过去时的被动语态的句式结构一般过去时的被动语态肯定句主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词（+by…）否定句主语+was/were+not+及物动词的过去分词（+by…)疑问句Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词（+by…)?特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词（+by...)?,2.一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法用法示例表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作，且句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者Thehousewasbuiltin1990.这所房子建于1990年。讲述发生在过去的动作，且不知道动作的执行者Hewashonoredwiththename“FatherofHybridRice”.他被授予“杂交水稻之父”的称号。,①含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，而指“物”的直接宾语则不变。►Hegavemeabookyesterday.Iwasgivenabook(byhim)yesterday.②如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。3.含双宾语和复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态的方法,►Ibroughthimsomefood.Somefoodwasbroughttohim(byme).③含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，要将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。►JimaskedTomtogoforawalk.Tomwasasked(byJim)togoforawalk.,④如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，主动语态变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to。►WeoftenheardKatesingintheroom.Katewasoftenheardtosingintheroom(byus).,4aRewritethesentencesusingthepassivevoice.Theysoldthefridgeatalowprice.__________________________________________________2.Somebodystolemycamerafrommyhotelroom.___________________________________________________3.Wheredidyoutakethesephotos?__________________________________________________Thefridgewassoldatalowprice.Mycamerawasstolenfrommyhotelroom(bysomebody).Wherewerethesephotostaken?,4.Ourparentsadvisedusnottogooutalone.___________________________________________________5.Differentwriterstranslatedthebookintodifferentlanguages.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wewereadvisednottogooutalonebyourparents.Thebookwastranslatedintodifferentlanguagesbydifferentwriters.,eatlocklikeringinvitebreaktellbringYou_____________tothepartylastnight,weren’tyou?Whydidn’tyougo?2.Theearthquakehappenedallofasudden,butluckilythevillagers_____________toasafeplace.wereinvitedwerebrought4bCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.,3.Thedoor___________whenwearrived,sowe______thebell.4.Thestudents__________nottoeatordrinkinclass.ButRuby_______therulewhenshestartedeatingabiscuitinscienceclass.5.Thecookies____________bythehungrykidsinlessthan20minutes,andtheyreally________them.waslockedrangweretoldbrokewereeatenliked,4cDecidewhetheractiveorpassiveformsshouldbeusedinthesesentences.Writethecorrectformsintheblanks.Thetelephone_____________(invent)byAlexanderGrahamBell.He__________(born)in1847.Mr.Bell________(work)ontheinventionofthetelephonewithThomasWatson.In1875,Mr.Bell_______(learn)howtosendmusicalnotesthroughwasinventedwasbornworkedlearned,aninstrumentsimilartoatelephone.Finally,thetelephone____________(invent)in1876.Thefirstsentencethat________(say)onthetelephonebyMr.Bellwas“Mr.Watson,comehere;Iwanttoseeyou.”Todaythetelephone________(use)aroundtheworld.wasinventedwassaidisused,Whenwasthecarinvented?Itwasinventedin1885.Whoweretheyinventedby?TheywereinventedbyJulieThompson.Whataretheyusedfor?Theyareusedforseeinginthedark.Readthesentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlinedparts.,Thecakelooksnice.Whomadeit?Itwasmadebymyaunt.Freetalk,Howdeliciousthesoupis!Whocookedit?ItwascookedbyMom.,Whatabeautifulcarditis!Whomadeit?Itwasmadeby…,1.allofasudden:突然；猛地可写作ofasudden,ona/thesudden或allonasudden。例句：►突然，灯都灭了。Allofasudden,thelightswentout.►那个男孩突然开始哭起来。Theboybegancryingallofasudden.Languagepoints,2.luckily作副词，意为“幸运地”，也可换成tomyluck或luckilyforme，其后通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。例句：►Luckily,shewasathomewhenIcalled.幸好当我打电话时她在家。,Ⅰ.单项选择。1.—TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.—It_______inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaughtDExercises,2.We_______toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.A.tellB.toldC.aretoldD.weretold3.—DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?—Yes.Infact,it_______.That'sallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround.A.pollutedB.waspollutedC.haspollutedD.willpolluteDB,Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Thepizzawas______(make)byme.Wouldyouliketohavesome?2.TheGreatWallis________(know)allovertheworld.3.Thisstorywas______(tell)bymygrandmotherlastnight.4.Wasanewsciencemuseum______(build)inyourhometownlastyear?5.Nostudentis_______(see)intheplayground.madeknowntoldbuiltseen,6. History is _________ by the people. (make)7. He is often _________ to do the work by theteacher. (ask)8. The book ______________ by him last year.(write)9. The radio ______________ last week. (repair)madeaskedwaswrittenwasrepaired,Ⅲ.将下列句子变为被动语态。1.Myparentsboughtmeacomputerlastweek.2.Weoftenhearthegirlsinghappilyinherroom.Thegirlisoftenheardtosinghappily(byus)inherroom.Acomputerwasboughtformebymyparentslastweek.3.Hewroteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.,4.Hesavedalotofmoneythissummer.5.Wespendlargesumsofmoneyeachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges.Alotofmoneywassavedthissummer.Largesumsofmoneyisspenteachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges.6.Hewasseentoreadabookinhisroom.(用I作主语，改为主动语态)Isawhimreadabookinhisroom.,doubtmentionwebsiteallofasuddenSomeinventionscanalsoleadtootherinventions____________.Sosomepeople_______whethertheinventorcameupwiththeideahimselforherself.Theythinkthattheinventorusedsomeoneelse’sideatocreatehisorherinvention.Thatiswhybooksor________usually_________morethanoneinventorwhengivinginformationaboutinventions.allofasuddendoubtwebsitesmentionⅣ.综合填空。,中考链接Manyoldtreesandhouses______bytheterriblerainstormlastnight.arepulleddownB.werepulleddownC.willbepulleddownB昨晚，很多老树和旧房子被可怕的暴雨摧毁了。,HomeworkWriteanemailtoyourfriend.Finishofftheexercisesonthetextbook.Read4band4c.