SectionA(GrammarFocus-4c)Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected. 学习目标Keywords&phrases:cream,workday,showup,bean,market,bytheendofKeysentences:1.BythetimeIarrivedattheparty,everyoneelsehadalreadyshownup.2.Whenshearrivedatthemovietheater,sherememberedshehadforgottentofeedherdog..Tolearnthepastperfecttense. PresentationGrammarFocusWhenIgottoschool,IrealizedthatIhadleftmybackpackathome.BythetimeIgottoschool,thebellhadrung.BeforeIgottothebusstop,thebushadalreadyleft.IwasabouttogouptomyofficewhenIdecidedtogetacoffeefirst.AsIwaswaitinginlinewiththeotherofficeworkers,Iheardaloudsound. Grammar过去完成时：用来描述在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。(过去的过去)由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)+过去分词”构成。否定式：hadnot+过去分词。缩写形式：hadn’t+过去分词。语法概述 过去完成时的句式结构(1)肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他.(2)否定句：主语+hadn’t+过去分词+其他.(3)一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadn’t. 过去完成时的用法表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间动作之前已经发生或完成，常与by、before等构成的时间短语连用。常用在said、told、knew、heard、realized等后面的宾语从句中。(3)在含有when、before等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果从句的时态为一般过去式，主句常用过去完成时。(4)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到，因此可通过分析语境来确定时态。 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间以前（即过去的过去）发生的动作或存在的状态。 Practice4aMakesentencesusingbythetimeorbefore.1.Timwentintothebathroom.Marygotup.________________________________________________________________________2.Thecoffeebecamecold.Iputcreaminthecoffee.____________________________________________________________________BeforeIputcreaminthecoffee,thecoffeehadbecomecold.BythetimeMarygotup,Timhadalreadygoneintothebathroom. 3.Theteachercollectedthemathhomework.Igottoschool.________________________________________________________________________________4.Icompletedtheworkformyboss.Theworkdayended.________________________________________________________________________________BythetimeIgottoschool,theteacherhadcollectedthemathhomework.Ihadcompletedtheworkformybossbeforetheworkdayended. 5.Themoviestarted.Iarrivedatthecinema.____________________________________________________________________6.Mymotherfinishedmakingtheapplepie.Igothomefrommylanguagecourse.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThemoviehadstartedbeforeIarrivedatthecinema.BythetimeIgothomefrommylanguagecourse,mymotherhadfinishedmakingtheapplepie. 4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.1.BythetimeIarrivedattheparty,everyoneelse____already_________.2.Whenheputthenoodlesintoabowl,herealizedhe____________toaddthegreenbeans.3.Bythetimemymothercamebackfromthemarket,I______already__________ofthedoortogotomypianolesson.rushoutforgetarriveatgointoshowupfindouthadshownuphadforgottenhadrushedout 4.Beforeshegottotheairport,she_____________abouttheearthquake.5.Whenshe_________themovietheatre,sherememberedshehadforgottentofeedherdog.6.Beforeshegotachancetosaygoodbye,he_____________thebuilding.arrivedathadgoneintohadfoundoutrushoutforgetarriveatgointoshowupfindout 4cWritetwotruestatementsandonefalsestatementaboutyourdayyesterday.Thenaskyourclassmatestoguessthefalsestatement.BythetimeIleftforschoolinthemorning,_______________.Bytheendoftheschoolday,___________________________.Bydinnertime,I_____________________________________. LanguagepointsBytheendoftheschoolday,…(教材P924c)bytheendof在（某时间点）以前bytheendof含有“不迟于”的意思。通常情况下，根据bytheendof后接的时间的不同，主句选用相应的时态：(1)接将来的时间，主句用一般将来时。Bytheendofnextmonth,IwillgotoShanghaitoattendameeting.Bytheendoflastmonth,Ihadread3books. (2)接现在的时间，句子用现在完成时。Bynow,wehavelearned6Englishsongs.(3)接过去的时间，句子用过去完成时。Bytheendoflastmonth,Ihadread3books. Exercises一、单项选择1.BythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie_______for10minutes.A.hasbeenonB.hadbeenonC.hadstoppedD.hadbegun2.Robertwasveryupsetthatmostofhisfriends_______whenhe______attheparty.A.left;hadarrivedB.hadleft;arrivedC.left;arrivedD.hadleft;hadarrivedBB 3.She_______herkeysinherofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband______home.A.hasleft;comesB.hadleft;wouldcomeC.hadleft;cameD.left;hadcome4.Shesaidshe________thestoryalready.A.hasreadB.readC.willreadD.hadread5.They______100hundredtreesbylastweekend.A.plantedB.haveplantedC.willhaveplantedD.hadplantedCDD 二、句型转换1.Ihadcookedthedinnerwhenmyparentscameback.(改为否定句)I___________________thedinnerwhenmyparentscameback.2.Mary’sbrotherwentintothebathroomandthenMarygotup.(改写句子)WhenMary___________,herbrother___________thebathroom.3.Bythetimeshegotup,hermotherhadgonetowork.(对画线部分提问)___________hermotherdonebythetimeshegotup?hadn’tcookedhadbeeningotupWhathad HomeworkPreviewthenewwordsandphrasesinSectionB(1a-1e).Dotheexercisesinstudents’book.