初中英语八下Unit3 知识梳理词汇句式精讲
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2022-01-26 22:04:47
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初中英语八下Unit3知识梳理词汇句式精讲Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?Unit3单词(音标)rubbish[ˈrʌbɪʃ]n.垃圾,废物takeouttherubbish倒垃圾fold[fəʊld]v.对折,折叠mess[mes]n.混乱,脏乱,食堂throw[θrəʊ]v.扔,投掷allthetime频繁,反复neither[ˈni:ðə]pron.adv.二者都不;也不shirt[ʃə:t]n.运动衫,衬衫assoonas一…就…,尽快pass[pɑ:s]v.前行,经过,批准borrow['bɒrəʊ]v.借,借用lend[lend]v.借给,借出finger[ˈfiŋgə(r)]n.手指hate[heɪt]v.憎恶,讨厌chore[tʃɔ:(r)]n.杂务,乏味的工作while[wail]conj.当...时候,而,然而snack[snæk]n.小吃,点心,快餐stress[stres]n.精神压力,心理负担waste[weɪst]v.浪费,消耗,inorderto目的是,为了provide[prə'vaid]v.提供,供给,供应anyway[ˈeniwei]adv.无论如何,不管怎样,而且depend[diˈpend]v.取决于,依靠,依赖dependon依靠于develop[dɪˈveləp]v.发展,壮大,开发,研制independent[ˌindiˈpendənt]adj.独立自主的,不受约束的independence[ˌɪndɪ'pendəns]n.独立fair[fɛə]adj.公平的,公正的unfair[ˌʌnˈfeə]adj.不公平的,有偏见的fairness[ˈfeənɪs]n.公正性,合理性since[sɪns]conj.因为,既然neighbor[ˈneɪbə]n.邻居takecareof照顾,处理ill[il]adj.生病的,有病的drop[drɔp]v.落下,跌落Unit3知识梳理【重点短语】1.gooutfordinner出去吃饭2.stayoutlate在外面待到很晚3.gotothemovies去看电影4.getaride搭车,5.workon从事6.finishdoingsth.完成做某事7.cleanandtidy干净整洁的8.dothedishes洗餐具9.takeouttherubbish倒垃圾10.foldyour/theclothes叠衣服11.sweepthefloor扫地12.makeyour/thebed整理床铺13.cleanthelivngroom打扫客厅14.noproblem没问题15.welcomesb.欢迎某人16.comehomefromschool/work放学/下班回家17.throwdown扔下18.sitdown坐下19.comeover过来20.takesb.forawalk带某人去散步21.allthetime一直;总是22.allday/evening整曰/夜23.dohousework做家务24.shoutback大声回应25.walkaway走开26.sharethehousework分担家务,27.acomfortablehome一个舒适的家28.insurprise惊讶地29.getsomethingtodrink拿点喝的东西30.watchoneshow观看一个节目31.hangout闲逛32.passsb.sth.把某物传给某人33.lendsb.sth.把某物借给某人34.getsth.wet使某物弄湿35.hatetodosth.讨厌做某事36.dochores做杂务37.helpsb.(to)do/withsth•帮助某人干某事38.bringatent带顶帐篷来39.buysomesnacks买些小吃40.gotothestore去商店41.invitesb.toaparty邀请某人参加聚会42.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事43.enoughstress足够的压力44.awasteoftime浪费时间45.inorderto为了46.getgoodgrades取得好成绩47.minddoingsth.介意做某事48.dependon依赖;依靠,49.developchildren'sindependence发展孩子的独立性50.lookafter/takecareof照顾;照看51.doone'spartin(doing)sth.做某人分内的事【重点句型】1.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?你能打扫一下你的房间吗?2.Ihavetodosomework.我必须干些活。3.CouldIuseyourcomputer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗?4.Shewon'tbehappyifsheseesthismess.如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话,她会不高兴的。5.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。6.MymomcameoverassoonasIsatdowninfrontoftheTV.我一在电视机前坐下,我妈妈就过来了。7.Ihatetodochores.我不喜欢做杂务。Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?词汇讲解1.asaresultasaresult为习惯短语,意为“因此;结果”,在句中作状语。例如:Hedidn’tpractise,andasaresulthelost.他没有练习,所以输了。Thetrafficwasveryheavyandasaresultwedidn’tarriveon,time.交通十分拥挤,因此我们没有能准时到达。【拓展】asaresultof意为“由于……;作为……的结果”。先交代结果,再用asaresultof连接原因。例如:Wecan’tgooutasaresultoftheheavyrain.因为下大雨,我们不能出去。2.waste(1)waste作不可数名词,意为“浪费,废物,垃圾”。例如:Ihatewaste.我讨厌浪费。(2)waste作形容词,意为“无用的,浪费的,荒废的”。例如:Weshouldn’tthrowwastepaperabout.我们不应该乱扔废纸。Afactoryispouringwastewaterintotheriver.一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。(3)waste作及物动词,意为“浪费”。例如:Weshouldn’twastethetime.我们不应该浪费时间。3.pass(1)pass作动词,意为“经过,传递”。例如:Theschoolbuspassedourgarden.校车经过了我们的花园。Pleasepassmethebook.请把书递给我。(2)pass作名词,意为“关口,通过”。例如:Hehasgotapassmark.他达到了及格标准。4.borrow&lend,(1)borrow意为“借,借用”;反义词是lend(借出)。“borrow…from”意为“从……借(入)……”。Ioftenborrowbooksfromthelibrary.我经常从图书馆里借书。(2)“lend…to”意为“把……借(出)……”。例如:IlendmybooktoLily.我把我的书借给莉莉了。5.dependdepend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等,只用作不及物动词,通常与介词on,upon连用,主要用法有:(1)dependon/upon+某人或某物例如:Whetherwe’llgocampingdependsontheweather.我们是否去野营要看天气。有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。例如:Childrendependontheirparentsforfoodandclothing.儿童的衣食靠父母。(2)dependon[upon]+从句例如:Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。Theamountyoupaydependsonwhereyoulive.你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。(3)口语中说It(all)depends./Thatdepends.意为“那要看情况”。例如:-Areyougoingtoo?你也去吗?,-Thatdepends.那要看情况。dependon意为“视……而定;取决于;依靠”,其后可跟名词、代词或从句作宾语,on也可以换为upon。例如:-Whenshallwestart?我们什么时候动身?-Itdependson(upon)theweather.依天气情况而定。Hedependedonhisuncleafterhisfatherdied.父亲去世后,他依靠他的叔叔。6.while(1)while作连词时,可以意为“当……时候,和……同时”。例如:Ourfriendsarrivedwhilewewerehavingdinner.当我们吃饭的时候,朋友们来了。(2)while还可作并列连词,意为“而,然而”,表示两者之间的对比。例如:Ilikelisteningtomusic,whilemybrotherlikesdoingsports.我喜欢听音乐,而我的弟弟爱好运动。7.provideprovide为及物动词,意为“提供”,常和with搭配。providesb.withsth.表示“为某人提供某物”,其同意表达为providesth.forsb.。例如:TheSunprovidesuswithlightandheat.太阳给我们提供光和热。Sheepprovideuswithwool./Sheepprovidewoolforus.,羊供给我们羊毛。8.since(1)since作介词,意为“从…以来;自从…之后”。例如:Shehasbeenillsincelastweekend.她自从上周末就病了。ShehasbeeninWuhansincefouryearsago.自从四年前她就在武汉。(2)since作连词,可以意为“因为;既然;由于”。例如:SinceitislateIshallgohomenow.由于时间晚了,我现在要回家了。Sinceyouaresosureofithe’llbelieveyou.既然你对此这么有把握,他会相信你的。练一练:Ⅰ.英汉互译。1.asaresult_________2.依靠,依赖________3.目的是,为了_______4.takecareof_______5.insurprise_________6.倒垃圾_________7.comeover_________8.闲逛,溜达________9.providesth.forsb._______10.allthetime_____Ⅱ.根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。1.Jackp______theballveryquicklyinbasketballgames.2.Ib_______abookfromthelibraryyesterday.3._______(既然)everyoneishere,let’sbeginourclass.,4.-Sandy,couldyoupleasetakether_______?-Noproblem.5.Whata_______(杂乱)!Youshouldcleanupyourbedroomatonce.6.Thehotelwillp_______freebreakfastforguests.7.Don’tw______moneytobuysomethinguseless.8.Shelivesnexttomyhouse.Wearen_______.9.Ilikesingingw_______mysisterlikesdancing.10.Nowadaysmostpeoplehavetoomuch_______(精神压力).Ⅲ.用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1.IliketosweepthefloorbutIhate_______(do)thedishes.2.Whendidyoufinish________(write)thebook?3.Weshouldlearntobe________(independence).4.ChinaandIndiaare________(develop)countries.5.Theychallengedhimaboutthe_______(fair)ofhisremarks.6.Hermotheroften________(help)her________(fold)theclothes.Look!She________(fold)theclothesforhernow.7.Mymom________(get)angrywithmewhenIforgottocleantheroom.8.Icalledyouyesterday,butyou________(not,be)in.9.Myfriend,Mike,enjoys________(cook)verymuch.10.-MayIuseyourcomputer?,-Sorry,I________(work)onitnow.参考答案Ⅰ.英汉互译。1.因此,结果2.dependon3.inorderto4.照料,爱护5.惊讶地6.takeouttherubbish7.过来,顺便来访8.hangout9.给某人提供某物10.总是,反复,频繁的Ⅱ.根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。1.passes2.borrowed3.Since4.rubbish5.mess6.provide7.waste8.neighbors9.while10.stressⅢ.用括号中单词的正确形式填空1.todo/doing2.writing3.independent4.developing5.fairness6.helps;(to)fold;isfolding 7.got 8.weren’t 9.cooking 10.amworking02重点句型解析1.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?(1)“Could+主语+please+动词原形+其他?”这一句型相当于“Could+主语+动词原形+,其他,please?”意为“请……,好吗?”。这两种句型均表示礼貌的请求,语气委婉,客气。其中could在此句中不表示过去,而表示说话人的语气委婉。因此回答时,不能用could回答。例如:CouldyoupleasehelpmewithmyEnglish?=CouldyouhelpmewithmyEnglish,please?请你帮我学英语好吗?-CouldIhavealookatit,please?请让我看一看它好吗?-Certainly!当然可以。2.Theyshould…inordertogetgoodgradesandgetintoagooduniversity.(1)本句中的inorderto是一个固定搭配的短语,意思是“为了”,后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语,否定形式是在to前面加not。inorderto可以和soasto互换,但后者不能放在句首。例如:Inordernottobelate,youshouldgonow.为了不迟到,你现在应该走。(2)inorderto+动词原形和soasto+动词原形可以转换成inorderthat+从句和sothat+从句。例如:Hedidanythinginordertomakemoney.=Hedidanythinginorderthathecouldmakemoney.为了赚钱,他什么都做。Pleasegoinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.,=Pleasegoinquietlysothatwewon’twakethebaby.请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。3.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也不”,指后者与前者具有相同的情况,但是表示的是否定意义的相同。相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。neither此处意为“也不”,是副词。例如:Marydoesn’tlikesinging.NeitherdoI.玛丽不喜欢唱歌,我也不喜欢。(我和Mary有相同的情况,前句是否定句,下文用neither开头,主谓倒装)如果上文是肯定句,下文表示与上文有相同情况时,用“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。例如:Marylikessinging.SodoI.玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。(我和Mary有相同情况,前句是肯定句,下文用so开头,主谓倒装)【拓展】当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时,可以用“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”或者“neither+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”来表示。前者用于肯定句,后者用于否定句。例如:Maryplaysthepianowell.Soshedoes.玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。(表示对上文所讲内容的赞同,前句是肯定句,下文用so开头,主谓不倒装)Marydoesn’tplaythepianowell.Neithershedoes.,玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。(表示对上文内容的赞同,前句是否定句,下文用neither开头,主谓不倒装)4.Andshewon’tbehappyifsheseesthismess.(1)本句中if后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以when,after,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句以及以if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表将来。例如:I’lltellherthegoodnewswhenshecomesback.当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。Ifitdoesn’train,hewillcomehereontime.如果不下雨,他会按时来这儿的。常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况:1)条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时。例如:WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanurseandlookafterpatients.我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。2)如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时。例如:Don’tlaughatmewhenImakeamistake.我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。3)如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时。例如:Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom.,在阅览室时应保持安静。5.Idonotunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwithhouseworkandchoresathome.本句中的make作使役动词,意为“使……;让……”讲时,常构成makesb.dosth.意为“使/让某人做某事”,类似的动词还有let,have等。例如:Thebossmadethemworkforlongtime.老板让他们长时间工作。Theymadeusforgetpast.他们使我们忘记了过去。Theirbossoftenletthemworklonghourseveryday.他们老板经常让他们每天工作很长时间。【拓展】make作使役动词,还可以构成:make+宾语(sb./sth.)+形容词/名词(作宾补),即makesb./sth.+adj./n.。例如:Whathesaidmakesushappy.他所说的话使我们很高兴。WemadeJohnourmonitor.我们选约翰当班长。练一练:Ⅰ.句型转换。A)按要求转换句型。1.Couldyouhelpmecleanthelivingroom?(作肯定回答)________,________.2.Thanksforhelpingmewithmyhomework.(改为同义句),Thanksfor______me____________myhomework.3.Mybrotherhatescookingathome.(对划线部分提问)_______________yourbrotherhate________athome?4.CouldIuseyourDVDplayer?(同义句转换)CouldI_______theDVDplayer_______you?5.Shehastodoherhomeworkathome.(改为否定句)She______________todoherhomeworkathome.B)同义句转换。6.Iwilltakecareofyoursisterwhileyouareaway.Iwill______________yoursisterwhileyouareaway.7.Sheagreedtohelpmelearncooking.Sheagreedtohelpme_______cooking.8.Theschoolwillprovidefreetextbooksforus.Theschoolwillprovide_______________freetextbooks.9.Toswimintheriverisverydangerous._______dangerous_____________intheriver.10.IarrivedatthetheatreearlysothatIcouldgetgoodseat.Iarrivedatthetheatreearly_________________getagoodseat.Ⅱ.根据句意完成下列句子,每空一词。1.他不喜欢游泳。我也不喜欢。Hedoesn’tlikeswimming._____________________.2.如果你努力学习,你就能学好英语。,YouwilllearnEnglishwellifyou______________.3.我们将向他们提供吃的和喝的。We’ll_______foodanddrink_______them.4.你拥有的朋友越多,你就越快乐。The_______friendsyouhave,the_______youwillbe.5.这个令人激动的消息让我们很激动。The_______news_______usvery_______.6.我想星期天邀请他们来参加晚会。Iwantto___________them___________thepartyonSunday.7.你把你的词典借给我好吗?_____you_________meyour_____?8.为了不再迟到,她今天早上起得很早。Shegotupearlythismorning_________________belateagain.9.我们应该保持我们的教室干净整洁。Weshouldkeepourclassroom_____________.10.他们还太小,不得不依靠父母。Theyaretooyoungsotheyhaveto________theirparents.Ⅲ.补全对话。A.Ascarfisinteresting.B.Thatsoundsgood.,C.Whydon’tyougetherapetcat?D.It’stoopersonal.E.HowcanIgettoherhouse?F.Atleast20dollars.G.WhatshouldIgether?A:MyfriendKateinvitedmetoherbirthdayparty.1、B:Howaboutanalbum?A:2Howmuchisanalbum?B:3A:That’stooexpensive.Idon’thaveenoughmoneyforit.B:Oh.4A:No,no.Shedoesn’tlikecats.B:Isee.Whataboutascarf?A:5B:Doesshelikeflowers?Maybeflowersarewonderful.A:Great!Iwillbuysomeforher.Thankyou.参考答案Ⅰ.句型转换。A)1.Yes,sure2.helping,todo3.Whatdoes;doing4.borrow;from5.doesn’thaveB)6.lookafter/carefor7.with8.uswith,9.It’s,toswim10.inordertoⅡ.根据句意完成下列句子,每空一词。1.NeitherdoI2.workhard3.provide,for4.more,happier5.exciting,made,excited6.invite,to7.Could,pleaselend,dictionary8.inordernotto9.cleanandtidy10.dependonⅢ.补全对话。1-5:GBFCD