初中英语八下Unit5单词知识梳理词汇句式精讲
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2022-02-09 16:31:15
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初中英语八下Unit5单词知识梳理词汇句式精讲Unit5单词(音标)rainstorm[ˈreɪnstɔ:m]n.暴风雨alarm[əˈlɑ:m]n.闹钟gooff(闹钟)发出响声begin[bɪˈgɪn]v.开始heavily[ˈhevɪli]adv.在很大程度上,大量地suddenly[ˈsʌdənli]adv.突然地pickup(=pickupthephone)接电话strange[streɪndʒ]adj.奇怪的,陌生的,奇特的storm[stɔ:m]n.暴风雨wind[waɪnd]n.风light[laɪt]n.&v.电灯;点燃report[riˈpɔ:t]v.报导,报告area['eərɪə]n.范围,地域,地区wood[wʊd]n.树木,木材,树木window[ˈwindəu]n.窗户flashlight['flæʃlaɪt]n.手电筒,火炬match[mætʃ]n.火柴,比赛beat[bi:t]v.敲打,打败against[əˈgenst]prep.反对,对…不利asleep[əˈsli:p]adj.睡着的,熟睡的,fallasleep进入梦乡,睡着diedown逐渐变弱,逐渐消失rise[raɪz]v.上升,升起fallen[ˈfɔ:lən]adj.倒下的,落下的apart[əˈpɑ:t]adv.分离,分开havealook看一看icy[ˈaɪsɪ]adj.覆盖着冰的,冰冷的kid[kɪd]n.&v.(口语)小孩;开玩笑,欺骗realize[ˈri:əlaɪz]v.认识到,了解makeone'sway前往,费力地前进passage[ˈpæsɪdʒ]n.章节,段落pupil[ˈpju:pl]n.学生completely[kəmˈpli:tli]adv.彻底地,完全地shocked[ʃɔkt]adj.震惊的,震撼的silence[ˈsaɪləns]n.寂静,沉默insilence沉默,无声recently[ˈri:sntli]adv.不久前,近来,最近takedown拆除,往下拽,记录terrorist[ˈterərɪst]n.恐怖分子date[deɪt]n.日期,日子tower[ˈtaʊə(r)]n.塔atfirst首先,最初,truth[tru:θ]n.真相,真理,事实【重点短语】1.makesure确信;确认2.beatagainst...拍打……3.fallasleep进人梦乡;睡着4.diedown逐渐变弱;逐渐消失5.wakeup醒来6.inamess一团糟7.break...apart使……分离8.intimesofdifficulty在困难的时候9.atthetimeof当.......时候10.gooff(闹钟)发出响声11.takeahotshower洗热水澡12.missthebus错过公交车13.pickup接电话14.bring...together使……靠拢15.inthearea在这个地区16.misstheevent错过这个事件17.bythesideoftheroad在路边18.theAnimalHelpline动物保护热线19.walkby走路经过20.makeone’swayto....在某人去……的路上,21.hearthenews听到这个消息22.importanteventsinhistory历史上的重大事件23.forexample例如24.bekilled被杀害25.over5050多(岁)26.aschoolpupil一个小学生27.ontheradio通过广播28.insilence沉默;无声29.morerecently最近地;新近30.theWorldTradeCenter世贸中心31.takedown拆除;摧毁32.havemeaningto对……有意义33.rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事34.atfirst首先;最初【重点句型】1.—Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?昨晚8点你在干什么?—Iwastakingashower.我在洗淋浴。2.Whenitbegantorain,Benwashelpinghismommakedinner.当开始下雨的时候,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。3.—WhatwasJennydoingwhileLindawassleeping?琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在干什么?—WhileLindawassleeping,JennywashelpingMarywithherhomework.,琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。【话题写作】Susanna所在的城市昨天晚上发生了一场地震。很幸运,地震并不强烈,他们全家安然无恙。假如你是Susanna请描述一下地震发生时家里人的活动情景,80词左右。【优秀满分范文】MynameisSusanna.Inourcity,therewasanearthquakeat8:32yesterdayevening.Atthattime,Iwastakingashowerinthebathroom.MymotherwascleaningupthekitchenandmyfatherwaswatchingTVinthelivingroom.MyeldersisterAlicewasworkingonhercomputerinherroom.Wewereveryscared.Luckily,theearthquakewasnotheavyanditdidn’tlastlong.Andwewereallsafe.重点词汇讲解1.missmiss作动词,意为“想念,思念”。例如:I’llmissyouwhenyougotoCanada.你到了加拿大以后,我一定会想你。【拓展】(1)miss作动词还有“未击中,未抓住”的意思。例如:ItriedtohittheballbutImissed.我努力地想击中球,但却未成功。(2)miss还可意为“未赶上,错过”,是动词。例如:ImissedthefootballmatchonTVlastnight.我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。(3)miss与like;mind;finish;enjoy;practice;bebusy;stop;can’thelp;giveup等词一样后接动词的-ing形式。例如:Idon’twanttomissseeingthatfilmontelevisiontonight.,我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。2.suddenlysuddenly作副词,意为“突然,忽然”,在句中多修饰动词或句子,做状语。例如:IsuddenlyrememberedthatIdidn’tbringmykey.我突然想起来我没有带钥匙。Itallhappenedsosuddenly.一切都发生得那么突然。3.either(1)either作副词,意为“也不”,用在否定句中。例如:Hecan’tplaytheviolin.Ican’t,either.他不会拉小提琴,我也不会。(2)eitherpron.(两者中)任意一个。例如:Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.在街道的每一边都有很多树。(3)either…or…为连词短语,连接两个相同的句子成分,意为“要么……要么……;或者……或者……;不是……就是……”。例如:Heeitherstaysathomeorvisitsfriendsontheweekend.在周末,他要么待在家里,要么拜访朋友。Theywillcomeeithertomorroworthedayaftertomorrow.他们不是明天来,就是后天来。【注意】either…or…连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式与紧靠谓语的那个主语的形式保持一致,即遵循就近原则。例如:EitherIorheisondutytoday.今天不是我值日,就是他值日。4.light(1)light作不可数名词,意为“光;光亮;光线”。例如:,Thesungivesoutlightandheat.太阳发出光和热。Hereadtheletterbythelightofthecandle.他在烛光下读那封信。(2)light作可数名词,意为“电灯;光源”。例如;Don’tcrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightsarered.当交通灯是红色时,不要横穿马路。(3)light作形容词,意为“轻的;浅色的”。例如:Istheboxheavyorlight?那箱子是重还是轻?Ilikethelightgreendress.我喜欢哪件浅绿色的裙子。(4)light作动词,意为“点燃;照亮”。例如:Hesatdownandlitacigarette.他坐下来,点了一支烟。5.beatbeat是及物动词,有以下用法:(1)意为“赢;打败;战胜”,后接人或某一团队、组织等,其过去式为beat。例如:Ibeathimatlongjumpyesterday.昨天跳远我赢了他。(2)意为“打;击”,表示连续不断的打击。例如:Whoisbeatingthedrum?谁在打鼓?(3)表示“(心脏)等跳动”。例如:Ifeelmyheartisbeatingfast.我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。【拓展】beat和win都有“赢”的意思,但用法不同:,beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织;而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目,过去式为won。例如:Thoughwewereweak,webeatthem.虽然我们弱,但我们赢了他们。Whowonthefirstprizeinthecompetition?谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖?6.againstagainst是介词,其用法如下:(1)反对,违反。对应的反义词为for,常用于beagainstsb./sth.反对某人/某事例如:Aremostpeopleagainsthavingapart-timejob?大多数人反对做兼职工作吗?(2)和……交战(指竞争、比赛等)。例如:We’llhaveabasketballmatchagainsttheteamfromNo.2MiddleSchoolnextweek.下星期我们将于二中的球队举行一场篮球赛。(3)碰、撞、擦。例如:Rainbeatsagainstthewindow.雨打在窗户上。(4)倚着、靠着。例如:Therewasaladderproppedup(支撑)againstthewall.一把梯子靠着墙。(5)防备,抗……。例如:Shesavedmoneyagainstoldage.她攒钱防老。(6)逆着……。例如:Wearesailingagainstthewind.我们(的船)正逆风航行。(7)衬托,相映,对照。例如:,Redflagsstandoutbrightlyagainstthebluesky.红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。7.trytry作动词,意为“尝试,努力”。主要用法如下:(1)trytodosth.意为“设法去做某事,尽量去做某事”,其否定形式为trynottodosth.。例如:Trynottobelateagain.尽量别再迟到了。Trytogethereintwohours. 尽量在两小时之内到达。(2)trydoingsth.意为“试着做某事”,强调尝试做某事。例如:Youshouldtryeatingmorevegetables.你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。(3)tryone’sbesttodosth.意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如:Weshouldtryourbesttofinishtheworkontime.我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。8.hard/hardlyhardly和hard形式上很接近,但意义截然不同。(1)hard作形容词时,意为“困难的;硬的;勤奋的;严厉的;苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度,意为“努力地;猛烈地;剧烈地”。例如:Iworkhardatschool.我在学校努力学习。Thisgroundistoohardtodig.这块地太硬,挖不动。Theytriedhardtosucceed.他们努力工作,以求得成功。【拓展】,workhardat…意为“努力于……”。例如:HeisworkinghardatEnglish.他正在努力学习英语。(2)hardly是表频率的副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,相当于almostnot,并非hard的副词形式。例如:Thereishardlyanycoffeeleft.=There’salmostnocoffeeleft.几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。练一练:I.英汉短语互译。1.沉默;无声________2.remembertodo________3.首先;最初________4.havefundoingsth.________5.感觉;好像________6.ontheplayground________7.(闹钟)发出响声_______8.reportsth.tosb.________9.逐渐变弱、消失________10.fallasleep_____________II.根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。1.Maybetherewillbeathunder________(暴风雨).2.Mymind________(突然)switchedbacktomyconversationwithJeremy.3.Thesmokertossedawaythelighted________(火柴)andsocausedafire.4.Ican’treadwhileyouarestandinginmy________(光线).5.Itwas_______(报道)thattherewasgoingtobeafootballmatch.6.Thefarmisabout50or60squarekilometersinthe________(地区).7.Youshouldflyyourkitea________thewind.,8.Itrainedso________(大)lastnightthatthelakeisfullofwaternow.9.Johnwasverytired.Hesoonfella________.10.Ijustwanttob________thisbadguy.III.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.Iguessfromhisredeyesthathehasbeenworkingtoo_____(hard)recently.2.Pleaseremember_____(clean)theroomafterwork.3.Wishyouhavefun_____(learn)Englishthisterm.4.—Whydidn’tyouattendyesterday’spresentation?—Sorry,I_____(wait)foranimportantEMSthenfromaneditor.5.Almosteveryoneknowsthatthemoon_____(rise)intheeast.【参考答案】I.英汉短语互译。1.insilence2.记得做某事3.atfirst4.做某事很有趣5.feellike6.在操场上7.gooff8.向某人报告某事9.diedown10.睡着II.根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。1.storm2.suddenly3.match,4.light5.reported6.area7.against8.heavily9.asleep10.beatIII.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.hard2.toclean3.learning4.waswaiting5.risesUnit5重点句型解析图片1.Whenhewokeup,thesunwasrising.wasrising意为“正在升起”,为过去进行时态,该时态表示在过去某时间某动作正在发生,由“助动词was/were+doing”构成。例如:Theywereplayinginthepark.他们正在公园里玩。ShewasreadingabookwhenIcamein.我进来时她正在看书。2.Butluckily,thedriverwasfine.luckily作副词,意为“幸运地;幸亏”,做状语。例如:Luckily,shefoundmybook.幸运的是,她找到了我的书。Luckily,wecaughtthelasttrain.很幸运,我们搭上了末班火车。【拓展】(1)lucky作形容词,意为“幸运的;有好运的”。例如:Somepeopleseemtobealwayslucky.有些人似乎总是很幸运。Nineismyluckynumber.9是我的幸运数字。(2)luck作不可数名词,意为“好运;幸运;运气”。例如:,Ihopeitwillbringyouluck.我希望它会给你带来好运。Goodlucktoyou!祝你好运!3.Theroadswereicy…icy作形容词,意为“结冰的;冰冷的;冷淡的”。例如:It’snoteasytowalkontheicyroads.在结冰的路面上行走不容易。Becauseoftheicystreet,theycan’tdrivethecar.因为街上结满了冰,他们不能开车。Mostpeopledon’twanttoswimintheicywater.大多数人都不想在冰冷的水里游泳。【拓展】ice作不可数名词,意为“冰”。例如:Theiceisthickenoughtoskateon.这冰够厚的,可以在上面滑冰。Theboyisn’tafraidofcold.Heisholdingapieceofice.这个男孩不怕冷,手里握着一块冰。4.ButwhenIpointeditouttomyfriend…pointout意为“指出”,是“动词+副词”结构,人称代词作宾语时应放在动词之后、副词之前。例如:Thereisamistakeinthissentence.Canyoupointitout?这个句子有一处错误,你能把它指出来吗?Hepointedoutthewomanfromthesephotos.他从这些照片中指出了那个女子。【拓展】(1)point作不及物动词,意为“指;指向”,常与介词at,to,towards,等连用,表示“指向某位置或方向”。例如:Shepointedatme,laughing.她指着我笑。(2)point作可数名词,意为“点;要点”。例如:Let’sdiscussthedifficultpointsinthepassage.让我们讨论一下文中的难点。5.Whydidyoucallsomanytimes?somany意为“那么多”,修饰复数名词,例如:Hehassomanyfriends.他有那么多的朋友。Therearesomanypeopleintheexhibition.展览会上有那么多人。练一连:I.句型转换,按要求完成下列句子。1.Theoldmancouldn’tfindanywheretolive.(改为同义句)Theoldmancould_______________tolive.2.MotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.(对画线部分提问)________________yourmother________whileyouweredoingyourhomework?3.Lilywasreadingintheroomatthattime(改为一般疑问句)________Lily________intheroomatthattime?4.Iwassleepingatninelastnight.Lindawasdoingherhomeworkatninelastnight.(用while将句子合并为一句)I________________________Linda________________herhomeworkatninelastnight.5.Don’tforgettolockthedoorbeforeyouleave.(改为同义句)____________________thedoorbeforeyouleave.,II.根据汉语提示,完成句子。1.这时,我要做的只是默默地服从他。AllIhadtodonowwastoobeyhim______________.2.天在下雨,记着随身携带你的雨衣。It’sraining.__________________yourraincoatwithyou.3.起初我们并没有意识到她的伤口的严重性。____________wedidn’trealizetheseverityofherwounds.4.我今天不太想散步。Idon’t___________________verymuchtoday.5.昨天我和我的朋友打篮球打得很开心。I____________playingbasketballwithmyfriendsyesterday.6.据报道约200人在芦山地震中丧生。It____________thatabout200peoplehadlosttheirlivesinLushanearthquake.7.一直到早上4点聚会的人群才渐渐散去。Thepartydidn’t________________untilaboutfourinthemorning.8.当我去接电话时,没有人说话。WhenI________________thephone,noonespoke.9.我室友的闹钟总是在午夜响起。Myroommate’salarmclockalways_____________atmid-night.10.如果我开车时睡着了,就叫醒我。IfIfellasleepatthewheel,______me______.III.从方框中选择适当的句子完成对话。,A.What’syourfavoritesubject(学科)?B.WhydoyoulikeChinese?C.Whatdoyouusuallydoafterdinner?D.Doyoulikeyoursubjectsatschool?E.DoyouhaveanyChinesebooksinyourbookcase?A:Hi,David!1B:Yes,Ilikemysubjectsalot.A:2B:Chinese.A:3B:Becauseit’sfunny.A:4B:Yes,Iusuallyreadthemafterdinner.5A:IusuallywatchTV.【参考答案】I.句型转换,按要求完成下列句子。1.findnowhere2.Whatwas;doing3.Was;reading4.wassleepingwhile;wasdoing5.RemembertolockII.根据汉语提示,完成句子。1.insilence2.Remembertotake3.Atfirst4.feellikewalking5.hadfun,6.wasreported7.diedown8.pickedup9.goesoff10.woke;upIII.从方框中选择适当的句子完成对话。1-5DABEC