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中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案单项选择 名词

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‎2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案 <br />‎(单项选择 名词)‎ <br />一、名词表示人或事物的名称。按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。‎ <br />‎ 1. 表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月等专有名词, 开头第一个字母要大写。‎ <br />‎ 2. 由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。如:the United States。‎ <br />分类 <br />含义 <br />示例 <br />专有名词 <br />表示特定的人、地方、事物、机构等名词的统称 <br />April, China, the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People <br />普通名词 <br />可数名词 <br />个体名词 <br />表示某类人或事物中的个体 <br />dictionary, pencil, chair, window, table, book, bike, ball, dog <br />集体名词 <br />表示若干个体组合成的集体 <br />family, police, class, group, team <br />不可数名词 <br />物质名词 <br />表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词 <br />rice, glass, mutton, bridge, paper. air, wood, wool, wheat, steel <br />抽象名词 <br />表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词 <br />knowledge, danger, health, life, homework, interest, love <br />二、名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。‎ <br />‎ 1. 可数名词:表示能够以数计算的事物的名词。‎ <br />可数名词有单数和复数的区别, 表示一个时用单数, 多于一个用复数。如:a cat; two birds; many people。‎ <br />‎(l)名词复数的规则变化 <br />构成方法 <br />例词 ‎ <br />一般在词尾加一s <br />desk&mdash;desks , mile&mdash;miles , bridge&mdash;bridges , horse&mdash;horses <br />以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es <br />glass&mdash;glasses, box&mdash;boxes, brush&mdash;brushes , watch&mdash;watches <br />以th结尾的词加s <br />bath&mdash;baths , path &mdash; paths , mouth &mdash;mouths,‎ <br />month&mdash;months <br />以o结尾的词加s或es <br />piano&mdash;pianos, photo &mdash;photos , radio &mdash;radios ‎ <br />hero&mdash;heroes , potato&mdash;potatoes , tomato&mdash;tomatoes zero&mdash;zero( e) s , motto&mdash; motto ( e) s <br />以y结尾的词 <br />以辅音字母加y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加es <br />factory&mdash;factories , country&mdash;countries quality&mdash;qualities. ability&mdash; abilities <br />以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加s <br />monkey&mdash;monkeys , toy&mdash;toys <br /> <br />f,fe变为v再加es <br />wolf&mdash;wolves, wife&mdash; wives, leaf&mdash;leaves , knife&mdash;‎ <br /> <br /> <br />以f或fe结尾的词 <br /> <br />‎ knives <br />个别词直接加s <br />gulf &mdash;gulfs, belief&mdash; beliefs, roof&mdash; roofs <br />个别有两种复数形式 <br />scarf&mdash;scarfs /scarves <br />‎ (2)名词复数的不规则变化 <br />构成方法 <br />例词 <br />复合名词 <br />一般情况下只变词尾 <br />bedroom &mdash;bedrooms, highway&mdash; highways ‎ <br />把中心词变为复数 <br />looker-on&mdash;lookers-on ;passer-by&mdash; passers-by <br />没有中心词将最后一个词变为复数形式 <br />grown-up&mdash;grown-ups . go-between&mdash;go-betweens <br />由man或woman构成的复合名词变复数时,man或woman写其他名词都要变为复数 <br />a man-doctor&mdash; two men doctors, a woman teacher &mdash;three women teachers <br />特殊名词 <br />改变内部元音 <br />foot&mdash; feet, tooth&mdash;teeth, man&mdash;men ‎ <br />词尾加en或ren <br />ox&mdash;oxen, child&mdash;children <br />单、复数同形 <br />sheep&mdash; sheep, deer&mdash;deer, fish&mdash;fish <br />‎(3)复合名词的复数形式 <br />‎ ①只将主体名词变为复数形式。如:‎ <br />‎ a banana tree ---- some banana trees a boy student----- some boy students <br />‎ ②复合名词中两个名词都变成复数形式, 但第一个名词必须是man或woman。如:‎ <br />‎ a man doctor&mdash; two men doctors a woman teacher&mdash; three women teachers <br />‎ 注意:可用下列单词或短语修饰可数名词的复数。如: ‘‎ <br />‎ some, (a) few, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, many <br />‎ 例题1‎ <br />‎ I can&#039;t understand the meaning of the passage though there are ______ new words in it.‎ <br />‎ A. few B. a few C. little D. a little <br />‎ 【解析】 A few, a few修饰可数岩词复数, little, a ...

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