2011 届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：<br />专题二 完形填空之议论文（3）（新课标）<br />三、议论文<br />【体裁诠释】 <br /> 议论文是高考完形填空中较难的文章。议论文由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。有着<br />较强的说教目的和一定的语言深度。<br /> 议论文完形填空的特点：结构清晰、脉络有序。<br /> ①有些议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，<br />然后在各段的首句提出分论点。<br /> ②还有些议论文先叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或<br />现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点。然后再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。<br /> ③此外，也有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，然<br />后通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。<br /> 抓住论点是理解议论文的关键所在。<br /> 可以从以下几个角度寻找或概括中心论点：分析论点所在的位置。①题目。有的文章题<br />目本身就是中心论点；②开头。有的文章在开头直接提出中心论点，然后逐层论述；③中<br />间。有的文章在论述过程中提出中心论点，这种情况较少；④结尾。有的文章通过论述，<br />在文章结尾处归纳出全文的中心论点。<br /> 论据是论点赖以存在的根据，一般分为事实论据和道理论据。阅读议论文，要学会分析<br />论点与论据的关系、论据在证明论点时所起的作用。事实论据，应该分析作者所提供的事实，<br />从事实中发现道理，再验证它与作者的论点的逻辑关系。道理论据，应该从道理论据出发联<br />系和道理对应的事实，来验证这些道理如何证明论点。<br /> 要做好高考完形填空中的议论文，最主要的是要抓住作者议论的中心，也就是要理清文章<br />的论点、论据和论证。<br />【典例探究】<br />（2010&middot;广东卷）<br />Every country has its own culture. <br />Even though each country uses doors, doors may have_ 21 __functions and purposes which <br />lead to ___22__ differences. <br />When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different__23___ and they <br />had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word &ldquo;PUSH&rdquo; to go out of the building <br />and to pull the door with the word &ldquo;PULL&rdquo; to_ 24____the building. This was new to me, <br />because we use the ____25__ door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a <br />shopping centre and was embarrassed.<br />The way of using school bus doors was also ____26__ to me .I used to take the school bus to <br />classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, <br />___27 _who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on <br />should get on __ 28_ . In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One <br />morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I___ 29____tried to get on the <br />school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally_ 30 _ <br />_,and my face went red.<br />21. A. different B. important C. practical D. unusual<br /> <br />22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing<br />23. A. exits B. entrances C. signs D. doors<br />24. A. enter B. leave C. open D. close <br />25. A. main B. same C. front...