2011 届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题二 完形填空之 <br />说明文（2）（新课标） <br />二、说明文 <br />【体裁诠释】 <br /> 说明文一般用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关 <br />系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及规律。说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采用时间顺序、空 <br />间顺序或逻辑顺序。 <br /> 1. 说明文一般分为三类： <br /> ①事物的说明；②事理的说明; ③文艺性的说明。 <br />2. 说明文通常具有下列特点： <br /> (1)多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释，而这种客 <br />观介绍与解释一般是不随时间变化而变化的。 <br /> (2)采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该 <br />尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。 <br /> (3)遣词用字简练、平实、确切。 <br /> 说明文的主要目的是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，故其语言通常较为浅显、通俗，比 <br />较易于读者理解。其内容也很客观真实，它的用词总是贴近事物的本来面目，不会使用华丽 <br />的词藻和夸张的写作手法，一般也不加描述和议论。 <br /> 3. 做好说明文完形填空，最主要的是抓住文章说明的中心，这要求考生做好三方面： <br /> （1）注意文章的说明顺序，常见的说明顺序有时间、空间、逻辑（指先因后果或先果后 <br />因，先主后次的顺序）和认识顺序（指由此及彼，由浅入深，由局部到整体，由现象到本质， <br />由具体到抽象的顺序）。把握了说明的顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，抓住文章中心。 <br /> （2）注意段落之间的逻辑关系，说明文的首段往往是文章的主题段，每段的首句也是主 <br />题句，一定把握好主题段和主题句，这是做好这类完形填空题的前提。 <br /> （3）注意文章结尾，文章结尾的段落往往对说明的问题进行总的概括，有时就是文章的 <br />点睛之处。 <br />【典例探究】 <br />（2010&middot;安徽卷）Most people give little thought to the pens they write with , especially since the <br />printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36things are handwritten .All too often, <br />people buy a pen based only on 37and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use <br />it .However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in mind. <br />First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use .The thickness of the pen is <br />the most important characteristic(特征)41comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you <br />may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers, you may 43 a <br />fatter pen .The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feel <br />top-heavy and unstable. <br />Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly( 均 匀 的 ) while the pen <br />remains in touch with the paper. 47 will make it possible for you to create a 48 line of <br />writing .The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. <br />A point that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it <br />down again. <br />52 , the pen should make a thick , dark line. Fine-line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, <br />delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text ,as , 55, a signature on a printed <br />letter .A broade...