教学课件 <br />专题十四　科普知识类阅读+完形填空 <br />+短文改错 <br />Ⅰ.阅读理解 <br />A <br />(2018 吉林长春二模) <br />Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening <br />the immune system.However,many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night.The <br />average sleep time an adult today gets is only 6.4 hours.Only in recent years have <br />health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the <br />working population.A significant number of people work at night,work long hours,or <br />suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag. <br />Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because <br />certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are <br />interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.In one study,thirteen healthy <br />adult subjects(实验对象) who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and <br />carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours.During the experiment,the <br />subjects were asked to perform several tasks,such as mathematics and word <br />problems,while undergoing scans of their brain activity.The researchers found that <br />the temporal lobe(颞叶) of the brain,the region involved in language processing,was <br />active during speech tasks in rested subjects but not in subjects who lacked enough <br />sleep.After several hours without sleep,there was no activity within this region. <br />Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short- <br />term memory and reaction time&mdash;thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study <br />of drivers,researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being <br />drunk.They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse <br />than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.5 percent,the legal limit for drunk <br />driving in most western European countries.The researchers concluded that countries <br />with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep-deprived <br />driving. <br />【语篇解读】本文介绍缺少睡眠给人带来的影响。研究表明睡眠剥夺对大脑活动有不利的影 <br />响,它和醉酒有同样的危险性。 <br />1.What does the underlined word &ldquo;deprivation&rdquo; in the first paragraph mean? <br />　　　　　　　　　　　　 <br />A.Weakness. B.Loss. <br />C.Discomfort. D.Pain. <br />答案 B <br />解析词义猜测题。根据第一段中&ldquo;Only in recent years have health professionals begun to <br />realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population.&rdquo;的关键词 <br />seriousness&ldquo;严重&rdquo;,可知是缺觉带来的严重性。画线词的意思是&ldquo;缺少,损失&rdquo;,故选 B 项。 <br />2.The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation <br />EXCEPT 　　　. <br />A.jet lag B.long work hours <br />C.boring work D.working at night <br />答案 C <br />解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句&ldquo;A significant number of people work at night,work <br />long hours,or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.&rdquo;可知,句中提到了 A、B、D 三项,故选 <br />C 项。 <br />3.What does the author intend to determine by the study described in Paragraph 2? <br />A.How many hours people can survive without sleep. <br />B.How people...