2021-2022第二学期高考前模拟练习高三英语第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Oleita,a26-year-oldenvironmentalistfromDetroit,thinksshemayhaveapartialsolutionfortwoproblems:garbageandpoverty.It’scalledtheChipBagProject.Sheisencouragingsnackloverstodonatetheir____1____chipbagsratherthanthrowthemaway,soshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.TheideacametoOleitatwoyearsagowhenshecameacrossawomaninEngland____2____viewershowtoputchipbagstogethertomakesleepingbagsonFacebook.____3____,shedecidedtousethatvideoasablueprinttostarttheChipBagProject.Oleitaandhervolunteersgetchipbagsofallbrandsandsizes.Aftercleaningtheminsoapyhotwater,they____4____themopen,laythemflatandironthemtogether.Theyusethematerialfromoldcoatsto____5____theinsides.Eachsleepingbagrequires150chipbagsandtakesaroundfourhourstocomplete.Since2020,theprojecthas____6____morethan800,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbesimplerto____7____moneytobuynewsleepingbags.Butthat’snotenough.“Wearecommittedtoproviding____8____forthoseinneed,makinganimpactnotonlysocially,butenvironmentally,”Oleitasays.And,ofcourse,there’sthesymbolismofrecyclingbagsthatwould____9____landinthetrashandusingthemtohelpthehomeless.It’sapowerfulreminderthatpollutionandpovertyoftengohandinhand.AsOleitasaid,“Ithinkit’stimetoshow_____10_____betweenalloftheseissues.”1.A.cleanB.specialC.emptyD.new2.A.showingB.askingC.sendingD.observing3.A.AstonishedB.InspiredC.DisappointedD.Embarrassed4.A.pushB.sliceC.knockD.swing\n5.A.decorateB.matchC.adjustD.cover6.A.purchasedB.soldC.collectedD.produced7.A.raiseB.borrowC.earnD.save8.A.relaxationB.innovationC.instructionD.relief9.A.stillB.almostC.hardlyD.otherwise10.A.conflictsB.similaritiesC.connectionsD.distinctions【答案】1C2.A3.B4.B5.D6.C7.A8.D9.D10.C第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mrs.Baileywasimportantintheeducationaljourneythatcarriedmethroughschoolandintomyprofession.UntilIjoinedherclass,Ihadn’tbelievedinmyabilityasawriter.She___11___(persuade)metojointhepoetrysocietyandlitinmeafireforliterature.Sherecognised___12___(I)potentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.Becauseoftheconfidencesheinspiredinme,I’vecarvedouta___13___(success)professionasajournalist.【答案】11.persuaded12.my13.successfulB阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign___14___theycelebratedtheirwholedaywithoutcellphones.Thismovewastoimprovetheirrelationshipswiththeirnearanddearonesandtokeepthemawayfromthevirtual(虚拟的)life.___15___(study)indicatethatamajorityofyoungpeopleusedtheirphonesduringlessons,overfamilymealsorevenatthecinema.Theproblemofphoneaddiction(成瘾)hasbeenobservedsinceafewyearsago,withexpertsandpsychologists___16___(try)toincreaseawarenessaboutthisproblem.【答案】14.where\n15.Studies16.tryingC阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thetigershark___17___(consider)tobeoneofthemostdangeroussharksintheworld.Whyaretigersharkssodangerous?First,theyliketolive___18___waterswherehumansusuallyswim,sothechancesofanencounter(遭遇)aremuchgreater.Second,tigersharksaresostrongandaggressivethattheycan___19___(easy)hitaperson.Andthird,tigersharkshaveteethperfectly____20____(design)forcuttingtheirfood,soitiscertainthatthedamagewillbedisastrous.【答案】17.isconsidered/hasbeenconsidered18.in19.easily20.designed第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’relookingtobuyagiftforyourchildren,whynotkeepupwiththetrendandgetthebesthoverboard?WhatisaHoverboard?Ahoverboardisatwo-wheeledpersonaltransportationdevice.It’selectrical,portableandbecamehighlypopularin2015inreferencetoapopular1980’smovie.Typically,thisself-balancingdeviceoperateslikeapoweredskateboard.HowDoesaHoverboardWork?Thedevicemayhavemanydesigns,butthemechanismitselfisn’tcomplicated.Basically,astandardhoverboardcontains:\n•Battery:storestheelectricalpower.Almostallhoverboardsuseahigh-wattlithium-ionbattery.•Gyroscope(oneforeachwheel):allowsriderstotilt(倾斜)thehoverboardwhilemaintainingbalanceandadjustingtheirdirection.•Motor(oneineachwheel):providesthepowertothewheelstokeeptheriderbalancedandupright.•Logicboard:functionsasthehoverboardbrain.Itprocessesdata—yourspeed,tilt,etc.—andsendsinformationtothemotors.Thisunitcontrolsthepoweroftheboardsoriderscanadjusttheirspeed.Alltheabovecomponentsworktogethertocontrolthepowerandtiltofthehoverboardssotheriderisbalanced,uprightandmovingatacontrolledspeed.WhyBuyaHoverboard?Undoubtedly,hoverboardsarecool.You’veprobablyseenkidsridingonearoundthehouse.They’reaphenomenonandeverybodywantsin.So,whydenyyourkidsandpreventthemfrombeingpartofthistrend?Whereisahoverboardlegal?Despitetheirwildpopularity,hoverboardshaveyettobecome“street-legal”.Currently,someplacesprohibitanyoneunder16fromusingthesedevices,andhoverboardsarebannedinacademicinstitutionsandpublicplaces,likecampusbuildings,parks,shoppingmallsandsubwaystations.Someplaceshavealsoputspeedlimitsonthedevicesandrestrictedtheirusetobikepaths.However,openareas—includingyouryard—arefreeoftheserestrictions.21Thelogicboardofahoverboardcan______.A.storeelectricityBpowerthewheelsC.sendinformationtotheridersD.receivedataandgivecommand22.Accordingtothepassage,ahoverboardcanbeused______.A.oncampusB.inparksC.onbikepathsD.inshoppingmalls23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?\nA.Toevaluateagift’squality.B.Torecommendagiftchoice.C.Tocomparenewhoverboardmodels.D.Toclarifyfunctionsofthelatesthoverboards.【答案】21.D22.C23.BBGrowingup,DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl,fromarefugee(难民)family,”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield,Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia,planningtobecomeaprofessor.BomandraisedinSanDiego’sCityHeightsneighbourhood,DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDelta’ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground,shewouldsaydifferently,thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven,youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold,hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks,anddidn’tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid,likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily,”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Delta’seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool,shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus,”Botham,aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute,recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork,readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher,Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don’ttellyourselfthatthescholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoo\ncompetitiveorI'llnevergetintothisschool,”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”24.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A.DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB.DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC.DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD.Deka’sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard25.Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation________.A.fromhermother’sexperienceB.afterherchemistryclassC.byreadingbooksinthelibraryD.throughworkingattheinstitute26.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe________.A.patientB.confidentC.ambitiousD.generous27.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Lifeisnotallroses.B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Wellbegunishalfdone.D.Hardworkleadstosuccess.【答案】24.D25.A26.B27.DCAgroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshouldertoshoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perhapsthey’renotsodifferent.Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectivebehaviour,showsthatthevulturineguineafowlofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsocialstructuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.Theymayfighteachothertomaintaintheirstricthierarchies(等级制度),butatothertimestheyengageinfriendlybehaviourslikesharingfood.Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbegana\nthoroughstudyoftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatthevulturineguineafowlhaveamultilevelsociety.Therearegroupswithingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallgroups.Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird’stinybrainsize:“Theydon’tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativetomammals(哺乳动物),theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,”hesaid.Accordingtohim,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhichgroupit’slookingat—noneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsoletanimalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey’refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesorresourcesarearound,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone.“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,”Dr.Farinesaid.Theremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocietiesasmany-leveledasourown.28.Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredDr.Farinetocarryoutthestudy?A.Theguineafowl’ssocialbehaviour.B.Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.C.Hisinterestinanimalbrainpower.D.Thefaultsinearlierresearch.29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theresearchsubjects.B.Theresearchmethods.C.Theresearchfindings.D.Theresearchequipment.30.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Complexsocialsystemscanbeadisadvantagetotheguineafowl.B.Theguineafowlaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.C.Birdsmaintainsocialorderbytravellingincombinedgroups.D.Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocieties.\n【答案】28.A29.B30.DDForseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsandideologiesarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings.Stressingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Analternativeanswertothequestion“Whytrustscience?”isthatscientistsusetheso-calledscientificmethod.Ifyou’vegotahighschoolsciencetextbooklyingaround,you’llprobablyfindthatanswerinit.Butwhatistypicallythoughttobethescientificmethod—developahypothesis(假设),thendesignanexperimenttotestit—isn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldonesgetabandoned;andsometimes,scientistscanbefounddoingmanydifferentthings.Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmethod,thenwhatisthereasonfortrustinscience?Theanswerishowthoseclaimsareevaluated.Thecommonelementinmodernscience,regardlessofthespecificfieldortheparticularmethodsbeingused,isthestrictscrutiny(审查)ofclaims.It’sthistough,sustainedprocessthatworkstomakesurefaultyclaimsarerejected.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalengthy“peerreview”becausethereviewersareexpertsinthesamefieldwhohaveboththerightandtheobligation(责任)tofindfaults.Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.Noclaimgetsaccepteduntilithasbeenvettedbydozens,ifnothundreds,ofheads.Inareasthathavebeencontested,likeclimatescienceandvaccinesafety,it’sthousands.Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.Doesthisprocessevergowrong?Ofcourse.Scientistsarehumans.Thereisalwaysthepossibilityofrevisingaclaimonthebasisofnewevidence.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds.”Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical(矛盾的):thatscienceproducesbothnoveltyandstability.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.\n31.Howdoestheauthorthinkofthescientificmethod?A.Stable.B.Persuasive.C.Unreliable.D.Unrealistic.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vetted”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Explained.B.Examined.C.Repeated.D.Released.33.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______.A.itisnotpersuasivetorejectthosefaultyclaimsB.settledsciencetendstobecollectivelyoverturnedC.aleadingexpertcannotplayadecisiveroleinascrutinyD.diversityinknowledgeisthecommonelementinscience34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PutYourFaithinScienceB.DefendtheTruthinScienceC.ApplyYourMindtoScienceD.ExploreADynamicWaytoScience【答案】31.C32.B33.C34.A第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Aninterviewisadiscussionwithsomeoneinwhichyoutrytogetinformationfromthem.____35____Therearethreebasicsub-typesofinterview:structuredinterviews,unstructuredinterviewsandsemi-structuredinterviews.___36___Incidentally,“respondent”and“informant”arewordsthataresometimesusedinsteadof“interviewee”.Agreatdealisprovidedbythispersonalcontact:youareanotherhumanbeing,andintervieweeswillrespondtoyou,inbodilypresence,inanentirelydifferentwayfromthewaythattheywouldhavereactedtoquestionnairesthatcamethroughtheirletterboxesortoemails.____37____Mostpeoplewanttohelpandgivetheiropinions,andtheywillusuallybeenergizedtohelpbyyourphysicalpresence.Ifyoutakethetroubletoscheduleavisit,youcanbemoreorlessguaranteedofaresponse.Mostimportantly,though,youwillbeabletorelatetointervieweeswhileyouaretalkingtothem.____38____Youwillbeabletowatchtheirbehaviourwhichwillgiveyouimportantcluesabouthow\ntheyfeelaboutatopic.Becauseoftheprimacyofthepersonalcontact,yourappearanceandtoneareimportant—howdoyouwanttobeseen?As“oneofus”?Asapersoninauthority?Asanobserver?…Orwhat?___39___Howeveryoudecidetopresentyourself,itisgoodpracticeofcoursetotrytoputtheintervieweeateasebeforetheinterviewbegins—totalkabouttheweather,aboutyourjourney,aboutanythingthatwillbreaktheice.A.Thisisaready-madesupportforyou.B.Itsnaturevarieswiththenatureoftheinterviews.C.Youwillbeabletohearandunderstandwhattheyaresaying.D.Yourdecisionshouldinfluencethewaythatyoulook,soundandbehave.E.Theinformationmaybefactsoropinionsorattitudesoranycombinationofthese.F.Eachinvolvestheinterviewerinfact-to-facecontactortelephonecontactwithanotherperson.G.Youwillbeusingthesecluestomakeinformedguessesaboutwhattheintervieweesmightreallymean.【答案】35.E36.F37.A38.C39.D第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Don’tputyourelbows(肘)onthetable.Thesoupspoonshouldneverbeputintothemouth.Thesearesomeoftheexamplesoftablemanners.Theyshowthewaypeoplebehavewhileeatingameal.Actually,everyfamilyfollowstablemannersinitsownway.Eveninfamilieswherenoonementionselbows,therearealwaysbehaviourstakingeffectwhensharingmeals.Interestingly,differentcultureshavedifferentthoughtsontablemanners-elbowsonthetable,forexample,isveryBritish.Somecountriesthinkburping(打嗝)afteramealisasignthatitwasdelicious.Whileitisimportanttokeepsilentwhileeating,insomeareasitisactuallyasimportanttokeepupthetraditionofeatingatthetableasafamily,withconversationsandnomobilephones.Tablemannersmattermuch.Theyareareflectionofyourcharacter.It’saboutrespectforothers.Whenyouarewithothersinasocialsetting,youwanttobeconsideratetothosearoundyou.Tablemannersalsomeanyour“ticket”tosocialsuccess.Goodmannerswillopendoorsthatthebesteducationcannot.Fewwillwantanill-manneredpersonintheirworkplace,orsocialcircle,andthisisasrelevanttodayasitwashundredsofyearsago.\nWhileglobalizationhasledtotheintermixingofcultures,theessenceoftablemannersremains.“Iwasbroughtuptohavetablemanners,”sayscelebratedchefTonyTan,whogrewupinMalaysia,eatingIndian,ChineseandMalaycuisineswithchopsticks,hands,spoonandfork.Tan,whowentontotrainasachefinParisandLondon,isanexpertinAsiancuisinesfromCantonesetoMalaysian,whichheteachesathisschoolincountryVictoria-buttheetiquette(礼节),particularlyofhisChinesetradition,hasremained.Hesays,“You’vegottoinviteyourelderstostarteating,orsay,‘Wearenoweating’,sotheelderscansay,‘Goahead’.It’sasignofrespecttotheelderly.Whenpeopledon’tdothatanymore,theylackmannersandtheylackgoodupbringing.”40.Whataretablemanners?41.Whyaretablemannersimportant?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>TonyTansaysthatitisimpoliteforyoungergenerationstostarteatingbeforetheeldersdoevenaftertheygetpermissionfromtheelders.43.Apartfromtherulesmentionedinthepassage,whatothertablemannersdoyouhaveinyourhome?（Inabout40words）【答案】40.Tablemannersarethewaypeoplebehavewhileeatingameal.41.Becausetablemannerscanreflectpeople’scharacter,suchasbeingrespectfulandconsideratetoothers,andtheycanalsoleadpeopletosocialsuccess.42.TonyTansaysthatitisimpoliteforyoungergenerationstostarteatingbeforetheeldersdoevenafterthegetpermissionfromtheelders.Accordingtothepassage,iftheirelderssay“Goahead”,youngergenerationscanstarteatingbeforetheeldersdo.Soitisacceptableforthemtostarteatingwiththepermissionfromtheelderly.43.Inmyhome,whenyouwantsomethingatdinner,don’tpointatitwithyourchopsticks,anddon’tspeaknoisilyeither.Pleaseuseaspoonforsoup.Whenyoufinishthedinner,andsomeoneisstilleating,don’tleavethetable.第二节（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim在你们学校网站上看到了学生参加学农活动的照片，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.学农活动的相关信息（时间、内容……）；2.你参加学农活动的感受。\n注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：学农learnfromfarmersDearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,Thankyouforasking.I’mgladtotellyouaboutthosephotos.LastSaturdayourschoolorganizeda“LearningfromFarmers”activity.MyclassmatesandIwenttoafarminnorthernBeijing.Wehelpedthefarmerspickapplesthewholeday.IamveryhappybecauseIworkedandhelpedthefarmers.AndIlearnedforthefirsttimeofthedifficultygettingfruitsontothekitchentable.Yours,LiHua