高中化学人教版(2019)必修2 化学价类二维图
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2022-12-14 17:08:16
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硫及其化合物的“价—类二维图”点燃催化剂①SO2+2H2S????????3S↓+2H2O②S+O2????????SO2③2SO2+O2????????????????????2SO3△△④SO3+H2O????????H2SO4⑤SO2+H2O????????H2SO3⑥H2SO3????????SO2↑+H2O⑦SO+2NaOH????????NaSO+HO⑧HSO+2NaOH????????NaSO+2HO223224242⑨HSO+2NaOH????????NaSO+2HO⑩SO+Cl+2HO????????HSO+2HCl2323222224△研磨????????????Cu+2H2SO4(浓)????????CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O????????????2Na+S????????Na2S????????????HS+2NaOH????????NaS+2HO222氮及其化合物的“价—类二维图”催化剂高温、高压放电①4NH3+5O2????????????????4NO+6H2O②N2+3H2????????????????????????????2NH3③N2+O2????????2NO△催化剂④2NO+O2????????2NO2⑤3NO2+H2O????????2HNO3+NO⑥HNO3+NaOH????????NaNO3+H2O⑦3Cu+8HNO(稀)????????3Cu(NO)+2NO↑+4HO⑧3NO+HO????????2HNO+NO3322223△⑨NH3+H2O????????NH3·H2O⑩NH3·H2O????????NH3↑+H2O△????????????NH3+HCl????????NH4Cl????????????2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2????????CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O,硅及其化合物的“价—类二维图”点燃高温①SiH4+2O2????????SiO2↓+2H2O(拓展反应)②SiH4????????Si+2H2△高温③Si+O2????????SiO2④SiO2+2C????????Si+2CO↑⑤Si+2F2????????SiF4(或Si+4HF????????SiF4↑+2H2↑)⑥Si+2NaOH+HO????????NaSiO+2H↑2232⑦SiO+4HF????????SiF↑+2HO242⑧SiO+2NaOH????????NaSiO+HO2232△⑨H2SiO3????????SiO2+H2O⑩NaSiO+2HCl????????2NaCl+HSiO↓2323碳及其化合物的“价—类二维图”高温点燃①CH4????????C+2H2(拓展反应)②2C+O2????????2CO点燃点燃③2CO+O2????????2CO2④CH4+2O2????????CO2+2H2O高温⑤CO2+C????????2CO⑥CO2+2NaOH????????Na2CO3+H2O⑦CO+HO????????HCO⑧HCO+2NaOH????????NaCO+2HO222323232⑨Na2CO3+H2O+CO2????????2NaHCO3△⑩NaHCO3+NaOH????????Na2CO3+H2O(或2NaHCO3????????Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O),镁及其化合物的“价—类二维图”点燃点燃△①2Mg+O2????????2MgO②3Mg+N2????????Mg3N2③Mg+2H2O????????Mg(OH)2+H2↑点燃④Mg+Cl2????????MgCl2(或Mg+2HCl????????MgCl2+H2↑)电解△⑤MgCl2(熔融)????????Mg+Cl2↑⑥MgO+H2O????????Mg(OH)2⑦MgO+2HCl????????MgCl+HO⑧MgN+6HO????????3Mg(OH)+2NH↑(拓展反应)2232223⑨Mg(OH)+2HCl????????MgCl+2HO222⑩MgCl+2NaOH????????Mg(OH)↓+2NaCl22铜及其化合物的“价—类二维图”△△①2Cu+O2????????2CuO②CuO+H2????????Cu+H2O△高温③2Cu+S????????Cu2S④4CuO????????2Cu2O+O2↑(拓展反应)△⑤CuO+2HCl????????CuCl2+H2O⑥Cu(OH)2????????CuO+H2O⑦Cu(OH)+2HCl????????CuCl+2HO222△⑧CHCHO+2Cu(OH)+NaOH→CHCOONa+CuO↓+3HO(拓展反应)32322△⑨2CuOH????????Cu2O+H2O(拓展反应)⑩4CuOH+O+2HO????????4Cu(OH)(拓展反应)222,磷及其化合物的“价—类二维图”高温高温①2P+3H2????????2PH3②2PH3????????2P+3H2③4P+3O(缓慢氧化)????????2PO(拓展反应)223点燃④4P+5O2????????2P2O5⑤PO+3HO(热水)????????2HPO25234⑥HPO+3NaOH????????NaPO+3HO34342⑦PO+3HO(冷水)????????2HPO23233⑧HPO+2NaOH????????NaHPO+2HO(拓展反应)33232锰及其化合物的“价—类二维图”①Mn+2HCl????????MnCl+H↑22②Mn+H2SO4????????MnSO4+H2↑△③MnO2+4HCl(浓)????????MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O高温④3MnO2+4Al????????3Mn+2Al2O3△⑤2KMnO4????????K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑⑥2KMnO4+5H2C2O4+3H2SO4????????K2SO4+2MnSO4+10CO2↑+8H2O(拓展反应)⑦2KMnO+16HCl????????2KCl+2MnCl+5Cl↑+8HO(拓展反应)4222