高一英语阅读理解专讲专练含答案及解析八抓主干，理枝叶长难句增加，是近年高考阅读理解试题不可忽视的现象之一。英语的长句可分为两类：含有数量较多的定语或状语的简单句和含有数量较多的各种从句的并列句或复合句。阅读长句的基本方法是抓主干，理枝叶。抓主干就是抓句子的主体部分，也就是主语和谓语，它们是传达信息的主要载体；理枝叶就是分析句子的附加部分，不论它们有多长，有多复杂，它们都是辅助成分，我们只要明确它们与主体的关系就可以了。如：Themoonissofarfromtheearththatevenifhugetreesweregrowingonthemountains,andelephantswerewalkingabout,wecouldnotseethemthroughthemostpowerfultelescopeswhichhaveeverbeeninvented.这个长句的主干就是Themoonisfarfromtheearth，其他部分，如状语从句、定语从句等，都是为突出主题服务的。PassageA阅读理解TheWinterOlympics,whichisalsocalledtheWhiteOlympics,werefirstheldasaseparatecompetitionin1924atChamonixMontBlanc,France.Atthistime,manycolorfulstampsarepublishedtomarkthegreatgames.ThefirststampmarkingtheopeningoftheWhiteOlympicswasissued(发行)onJanuary25,1932intheUnitedStatestocelebratethethirdWhiteOlympics.①Fromthenon,issuingstampsduringtheWhiteOlympicsbecameatradition.ToobservethefourthWinterOlympicGames,②agroupofstampswerepublishedinGermanyinNovember,1935.ThefiveringsoftheOlympicswereprintedonthefrontofthesportswear.Itwasthefirsttimethatthesymbol(象征)appearedonstampsoftheWinterOlympics.Inthe1950s,thestampsofthiskindbecamemorecolorful.WhentheWinterOlympicscame,thehostcountriesaswellasthenonhostcountriespublishedstampstomarkthosegames.ChinaalsopublishedfourstampsinFebruary,1980,whentheChinesesportsmenbegantomarchintotheareaoftheWhiteOlympics.JapanistheonlycountryinAsiathathaseverheldtheWhiteOlympics.Altogether14,500millionstampsweresoldtoraisefunds(经费)forthissportsmeet.11/11Differentkindsofsportswereprintedonthesesmallstamps.Peoplecanenjoythebeautyofthewonderfulmovementsofsomeathletics.根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.PeoplehavepublishedstampsmarkingtheWinterOlympics____.A.sincethefirstWhiteOlympicsin1932B.whenthefirstOlympicsgamesstartedC.sincethethirdWinterOlympicsin1932D.onthesamedayofthethirdOlympics2.Fromthepassagewecanseethat____.A.theChinesesportsmenbegantotakepartintheWinterOlympicsin1980B.itwasin1980thattheChinesebegantopublishstampsC.theChinesebegantotakepartintheOlympicsgamesinthe1980sD.ChinaheldtheWinterOlympicsin19803.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.ThethirdWinterOlympicsopenedonJanuary25,1932.B.Publishingstampsisawayofraisingmoneyforthesportsmeet.C.InAsiaonlyJapanheldtheWinterOlympics.D.Inthe1950sallthecountriespublishedstampstomarkthegames.难句注释①ThefirststampmarkingtheopeningoftheWhiteOlympicswasissuedonJanuary25,1932intheUnitedStatestocelebratethethirdWhiteOlympics.Totalwords:226Readingtime:____Readingspeed:____11/11为了庆祝第3届冬季奥运会，纪念其开幕的第一枚邮票于1932年1月25日在美国发行。②toobservethefourthWinterOlympicGames为了庆祝第四届冬季奥运会。observe意为“举行；庆祝”。PassageB阅读理解Today,rollerskating(旱冰)iseasyandfun,anditispopularthroughouttheworld.Peoplerollerskateoutsideonpathsandroads,andinsideinrinks.Butalongtimeago,itwasnteasyatall.Before1750,theideaofskatingdidntexist.ThatchangedbecauseofamannamedJosephMerlin.Merlin'sworkwasmakingmusicalinstruments.Inhissparetimehelikedtoplaytheviolin.JosephMerlinwasamanfullofideasanddreams.Peoplecalledhimadreamer.OnedayMerlinreceivedaninvitationtoattendafancydressball(化装舞会).Hewasverypleasedandalittleexcited.Asthedayofthepartycamenear,Merlinbegantothinkhowtomakeagrandentrance(隆重出场)attheparty.Hehadanidea.Hethoughthewouldgetalotofattentionifhecouldskateintotheroom.Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselffool.①Finally,hedecidedtoputtwowheelsundereachshoe.Thesewerethefirstrollerskates.Merlinwasveryproudofhisinventionanddreamedofarrivingatthepartyonwheelswhileplayingtheviolin.②OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewassurprisedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskates.Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingintopieces.③NobodyforgotMerlinsgrandentranceforalongtime!根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.Thetextismainlyabout____.A.astrangemanB.anunusualpartyC.howrollerskatingbeganD.howpeopleenjoyedthemselvesinthe18thcentury11/112.PeoplethoughtMerlinwasadreamerbecausehe____.A.oftengaveotherssurprisesB.wasagifted(有天赋的)musicianC.inventedtherollerskatesD.wasfullofimagination3.Merlinputwheelsunderhisshoesinorderto.A.drawtheguestsattentionB.arriveatthepartysoonerC.testhisinventionD.showhisskillinwalkingonwheels4.Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation(超出预料).D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.难句注释①Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselffool.默林尝试不同的方法使自己看起来有点滑稽。Totalwords:261Readingtime:____Readingspeed:____②Merlinwasveryproudofhisinventionanddreamedofarrivingatthepartyonwheelswhileplayingtheviolin.默林为他的发明感到非常骄傲，并且梦想滑着轮子演奏小提琴出现在晚会现场。beproudof因……骄傲dreamofdoingsth.梦想做某事③Downfellthemirror,breakingintopieces.镜子掉了下来，摔成了碎片。11/11PassageC阅读理解DwightW.MorrowwasanAmericanambassador(大使)toMexicoduringthe1920s.Heisrememberedasasmartdiplomat(外交家).①Heisalsorememberedbyhisfamilyandfriendsforhisabsentmindedness(心不在焉).Oncewhileonatrain,aconductorcametoMorrow,askingforhisticket.Hebegantosearchhispockets.Noticketappeared.Morrowbegansearchinghissuitcase.“Nevermind,sir.”saidtheconductor,seeinghowanxiousMorrowwasbecomingandtryingtocomfort(安慰)him.“Whenyoufindyourticketjustpostittothestation.I'msureyouhaveitsomewhere.”“I'msure,too.”saidthediplomatashewentonwithhissearch.“ButImustfindit.IneedtoknowwhereI'mgoing!”AnothertimeMorrowgotoffatraininNewYorkandhurriedtoatelegraphoffice,where,feelingnotunlikeasmallboywhohadgotlost,②hesentthefollowingtohissecretary:“IaminNewYorkbutdontknowwhy.”Withinminutescametheshortreply:“YouarenotsupposedtobeinNewYork.YoushouldbeinPrincetongivingalecture.”根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.ThepassagemainlyshowsMorrow's____.A.clevernessasadiplomatB.foolishnessC.senseofhumor(幽默感)D.absentmindedness2.Morrowwasveryupset(不安)whenhecouldntfindtheticketbecause____.A.hehadforgottenwherehewasgoingB.hewouldbepunishedifhecouldntshowhisticketC.theconductorlookedimpatient(不耐烦的)D.theconductormightthinkhewaslying3.WhenMorrowgotoffthetraininNewYork,____.A.heforgottheaddress11/11B.heforgethissuitcaseC.hedidnotknowthathewasinawrongcityD.hissecretarywasnttheretomeethim难句注释①Heisrememberedasasmartdiplomat.在别人的记忆中，他是个精明的外交家。Totalwords:202Readingtime:____Readingspeed:____②...feelingnotunlikeasmallboywhohadgotlost...感觉不啻于一个迷路的小男孩……PassageD完形填空“Arobbery(抢劫案)...”avoicecamefromtheradio.Johnwasdrivinghomelatelastnightfromatrip,andnowhewashavingtroublestaying1.①Heturned2theradioandtriedtofixhisattentiononthe3,buthiseyeskeptonclosing.Itwas4thathenoticedthehitchhiker(搭便车者)bytheroad.②5eventhinkingaboutwhathewasdoing,hestoppedthecar.“ToMidrille?”“Getin.”ThehitchhikergotinandimmediatelyJohnwas6thathehadpickedhimup.Theyoungman7astrangefaceandlonghair.WhenJohnaskedhimquestionsabouthimself,hechangedthe8.John9thenews.Hebegantosweat(出汗)andhisthoughts10nervously(紧张地)toallthemoneyhewas11.Atthenextsmalltownhestoppedhiscarandsaid,“Imsorry.Imso12thatIcantdriveyoutoMidrille.IthinkIllfinda13andspendthenight.”Theyoungmanslowly14intohispocket.“Thisisit!”thoughtJohn.Atthat15momentheconsideredshoutingforhelp,butinsteadofagun,thehitchhikerpulledoutseveral16.“Oh,no.Idon'twantyourmoney.Justgetout.Okay?”11/11Theyoungmanlooked17.Heinsistedon18Johnthemoney.Johnwatcheduntilhis19haddisappearedfromsight,thensteppedonthe20anddroveoutoftown.③根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.A.asleepB.earlyC.strongD.awake2.A.onB.offC.upD.over3.A.outsideB.newsC.speedD.way4.A.thereB.earlierC.thenD.moment5.A.WithoutB.AfterC.ByD.For6.A.happyB.sadC.angryD.sorry7.A.woreB.ownedC.hadD.made8.A.placeB.subjectC.questionD.face9.A.rememberedB.thoughtC.heardD.forgot10.A.gotB.arrivedC.changedD.turned11.A.payingB.havingC.carryingD.borrowing12.A.afraidB.hungryC.coldD.sleepy13.A.restaurantB.shopC.hotelD.station14.A.reachedB.forcedC.gotD.put15.A.importantB.veryC.longD.short16.A.knivesB.photosC.handkerchiefsD.bills17.A.frightenedB.puzzledC.worriedD.curious18.A.givingB.offeringC.handingD.returning19.A.driverB.friendC.passengerD.thief20.A.doorB.gasC.windowD.motor难句注释11/11①...andnowhewashavingtroublestayingawake.现在他很难保持清醒。②Itwasthenthathenoticedthehitchhikerbytheroad.就在那时他注意到马路边有个搭便车者。此句是Itis/was...that...的强调句型。③Johnwatcheduntilhispassengerhaddisappearedfromsight,thensteppedonthegasanddroveoutoftown.约翰一直注视着他的乘客直到他消失在视线之外，然后踩足油门驶出了小镇。PassageA本文介绍了为庆祝冬季奥运会的召开，各国常发行一些纪念邮票。1.C.根据文章的第三句可知。2.A.中国在1980年第一次参加冬奥会。3.D.其他三项原文都有提到。PassageB本文介绍了滑旱冰这一体育运动的由来。1.C.本文的话题是旱冰运动的起源。2.D.一个充满梦想的人。3.A.目的是为了引人注目。4.C.根据“NobodyforgotMerlinsgrandentranceforalongtime!”可知Merlin取得了超出他预想的成功。PassageC本文介绍了一位精明的外交家心不在焉的两个轶事，从侧面反映其不拘小节。1.D.根据本文所举的几个例子可以看出本文主要讲Morrow的absentmindedness。2.A.从“IneedtoknowwhereImgoing!”可得出正确答案。3.C.本文最后一句话表明了这一点。besupposedto...应该……PassageD11/11本文记叙了John在旅行回家途中让一个人搭便车，却误认为他会抢劫而在半路让其下车的事。1.D.stayawake指“保持清醒的状态”，下文有暗示。2.C.开大音量以驱去睡意。注意收音机已开。3.B.收音机播放有关抢劫的新闻。4.C.强调时间“then”，意为“就在那时候”。5.A.withoutthinking意为“不假思索”。外国人有让人搭便车的习惯。6.D.他立刻觉得后悔了。7.C.had此处意为“长着……”。8.B.subject意为“谈话的主题”。改变话题。9.A.记起了刚才的新闻。10.D.思想转向身上的钱。11.C.carry意为“携带的”。12.D.根据第一小节中“hewashavingtroublestayingawake”得出sleepy(瞌睡的)。13.C.根据后文的“spendthenight”来推测应是找“旅馆”。14.A.reachintohispocket意为“把手伸进口袋”。15.B.very在此处用来加强语气，意为“正是；就是”。16.D.bill意为“纸币”，英国人常用note。17.B.lookedpuzzled意为“看上去迷惑不解”。他不明白为什么司机不要他的钱。18.A.giving意为“给”；offering意为“主动提供”，往往是出于帮助而行善。19.C.此空格根据his应选passenger意为“他的乘客”。20.B.steponthegas意为“踩油门”11/111.WhentheWinterOlympicscame,thehostcountriesaswellasthenonhostcountriespublishedstampstomarkthosegames.当冬季奥运会来临时，主办国以及非主办国都要发行邮票来纪念冬奥会。(Line17,PassageA)英语中可用aswellas来表示“也；和”的概念。如：Themeetingisimportantforyouaswellasforme.这个会议对我重要对你也重要。Smalltownsaswellasbigcitiesaredevelopingquickly.小镇和城市一样都在迅速地发展。AaswellasB重点在A，因此该结构作主语时，谓语动词要随A的人称、数而变化。如：Hischildrenaswellashiswifewereinvitedtotheparty.不但他太太，连他的孩子们都被邀参加了那次聚会。词组aswell作“也”讲时，通常只出现在句尾。如：Hesentmealetterandsomemoneyaswell.他寄给我一封信，外加一些钱。2.Downfellthemirror,breakingintopieces.镜子掉了下来，跌成碎片。(Line17,PassageB)以out,in,up,down,off,away等副词开头，谓语是go,come,leave,fall等表示“移动”的动词时，常用倒装结构。Awaywentthecrowdonebyone.人们一个一个地离去。Incameastrangerinblack.进来了一位穿黑衣的陌生人。Downwentthesmallboat.小船沉下去了。但主语如果是人称代词，则用正常语序。如：Outshewent.她走了。11/1111/11