高中英语必修I重点单词、短语和句型Unit1Friendship重点单词和短语1.addup合计addupto…共计,总计达add…to...往……添加……2.upsetsb.某人不安upsetoneselfaboutsth.为某事而烦恼beupsetat/about因……而烦恼3.ignoresb./sth.忽视，不理会beignorantof/about对……无知，不了解ignorantadj.无知的，愚昧的ignorancen.无知，愚昧4.calmvt.&vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定calmdown镇静，平静calmsb.down使某人镇静adj.平静的；镇定的keep/staycalm保持镇静5.concernvt.使担忧；涉及；关系到n.担心；关注withconcern关切地show(no)concernfor/aboutsb.对某人(不)关心,concernoneselfwith/in参与，干涉beconcernedwith与……有关系beconcernedabout/forsth./that-clause为……担心，挂念asfaras…beconcerned就某某而言concerningprep.关于，有关6.walkthedog遛狗7.gothrough经历,经受；穿过，通过；审阅，检查；通过，成功gothroughahardtime经历了一段困难时期gothroughthebaggage检查行李gothroughthenewspaper浏览报纸gothroughlotsofmoney花了很多钱comethrough安然度过（疾病.危机等）cutthrough抄近路，穿透lookthrough仔细查看8.setdown.记下，放下，让某人下车setdowntheideasonpaper把想法写在纸上setmedownatthebus-stop在车站让我下车setabout(doing)sth.着手（做）某事setoff动身；出发；引爆；燃放setout出发；着手做setup竖起；创设，开办9.aseriesof一系列的,一连串的aseriesofbooks丛书aseriesofstamps一套邮票aseriesofpictures连环画10.onpurpose故意地=bydesign=deliberatelybychance/accident=accidentallylietosb.onpurpose故意向某人撒谎onpurposetodosth.为了……而特地gothereonpurposetoseesb.特意到那里去看某人forthepurposeof（目的能否实现还不知道）为了……的目的withthepurposeof（目的能实现）11.inorderto/soasto(dosth.)为了,以……为目的soasto“为了”,只能用在句中；inorderthat/sothat“为了”,其后接从句。12.atdusk在黄昏时刻atdawn在黎明时分13.facetoface面对面地(作状语)haveaface-to-faceinterviewwiththehero和这位英雄进行一次面对面的采访shouldertoshoulder肩并肩地handinhand手拉手地hearttoheart贴心地sidebyside并排地，并肩地backtoback背靠背地arminarm臂挽臂地wordbyword逐字地11/1114.cheatn.骗子；vt.欺骗，欺诈；vi.作弊，舞弊cheatsb.(out)ofsth.骗取某人的某物cheatsb.intodoingsth.骗取某人做某事15.havegotto=haveto不得不，必须16.crazyadj.疯狂的；狂热的；着迷的becrazytodosth.（某人）疯狂地去做某事becrazyabout/ondoingsth.对做某事狂热becrazyforsth.渴望某物becrazyforsb.迷恋某人17.hideaway躲避，隐匿；隐蔽，藏18.getsth.done=havesth.done让/请人做某事；使某事被做getsth./sb.doing让某物/某人一直做某事getsth./sb.todo让某物/某人做某事（未做而要去做）getsth./sb.adj./adv.让某物/某人处于某种状态19.Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分强调句型20.happentodosth.碰巧/恰好做某事21.settlesb.使……定居，安家settleanargument/amatter解决争端/事情settledown定居下来，平静下来，舒适地坐下22.suffervi.&vt.遭受；忍受；经历⑴sufferfrom因……而痛苦,患……病sufferfromloneliness因孤独而痛苦　　sufferfromabadcold得了重感冒⑵遭受，蒙受(痛苦、饥饿、寒冷、损失等)sufferaheavyloss遭受严重损失sufferpain/hunger/cold/death遭受痛苦;饥饿;寒冷;死亡sufferern.受苦者sufferingn.痛苦,苦难23.recoverfromillness生病后恢复24.get/betiredof对……厌烦25.pack(sth.)up将（东西）装箱打包26.getalong/onwithgetalong/onwithsb.与某人相处getalong/onwithsth.某事进展getalong/onwell/nicely/badlywith与……处得好/不好;……进展顺利/不顺利27.fallinlove/beinlove(withsb.)相爱，爱上（某人）28.joininsth./doingsth.参加活动joininplayingfootball参加踢足球joininthegame参加游戏活动join参加组织团体jointhearmy参军joinsb.in和……一起参加……活动jointheminsinging与他们一起唱歌29.havetrouble/difficulty/problemwithsb./sth.和某人相处/做某事有困难havetrouble/difficulty/problem(in)doingsth.做某事有困难30.虚拟语气shouldhavedonesth.本应该做某事（而实际上没做）=oughttohavedonesth.shouldn’thavedonesth.本不应该做某事（而实际上已做）couldhavedonesth.本来可以做某事（却未做）can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做过某事31.keepmespellbound使我着迷spellbindingadj.是入迷的；迷人的spellboundadj.入迷的32.Therewasatimewhen...曾经有一段时间……33.makeaneffort/effortstodosth.努力去做某事重点句子1.Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.2.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.3.sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.4.Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.5.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongsofthebirds,moon-lightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.6.ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface…7.It’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced8.Thereisnothingwrongwithyouandthisboybeingfriendsandstudyingtogether.11/119.Istillfindithardtomakegoodfriendswiththem10.IwouldbegratefulifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceUnit2Englisharoundtheworld重点单词和短语1.becauseof因为(后接名词.代词.名词性从句)dueto“由于”,作表语或状语;thanksto“由于,多亏”,作表语或状语;owingto“由于”,作表语或状语;asaresultof“因为……的结果”,作状语;onaccountof“因为”,作状语2.nativeadj.本地的,本国的one’snativeland/country/language故乡；祖国；母语anativespeakerofEnglish以英语为母语的人benativeto（动植物）原产于某地n.本地人；当地人；原产于某地的动植物anativeofFuzhou福州人3.official:adj官方的；正式的anofficiallanguage一种官方语言anofficialdocument一份正式文件4.morethanone+n.不止一个……morethanonekindofEnglish不止一种英语lessthan少于nomorethan和……一样不（两者都否定）morethan更多，超过；只能ratherthan宁可，而不是moreorless或多或少notmorethan不如（前者不如后者）；至多5.comeup:走上前来；被提出；（太阳、月亮）升起；发生（主语是物）Hecameuptomeandsaidhellotome.comeupwith想出，提出（主语是人）Yourquestioncameupatthemeeting.comeacross邂逅Thesunhascomeup.comeout出来，出版，显现I’llletyouknowifanythingcomesup.comeover过来，顺便来访comeupwithagoodidea:想出一个好点子comeabout发生6.basevt.以……为根据：basesth.onsth.使……以……为依据/基础baseone’sopinionsonfacts:意见以事实为依据bebasedon:以……为依据n.基础：makeLondonthebaseforrevolutionarywork使伦敦成为革命工作的根据地basisn.根据；基本原则onthebasisof……在……的基础上thebasisof/foryouropinion你的看法的依据7.presentv.赠送；呈现；介绍；描述presentsth.tosb./presentsb.withsth.向某人赠送/颁发/授予/介绍某物presentsb.tosb.else向某人介绍/引见某人adj现在的；到场的；出席的bepresentatthemeeting出席会议thepresentsituation目前的形式atpresent/atthepresenttime目前；现在everyonepresent在场的各位(前置定语)现在的；当前的present（后置定语）出席的；到场的forthepresent眼下；暂时n.赠品；礼物8.vocabulary词汇；词汇量with/havealargevocabulary:词汇量很大increase/enlargevocabulary增加/扩大词汇（量）9.makeuseof利用；使用makefulluseof充分利用makegooduseof好好利用makelittleuseof不充分利用makethebest(use)of更好地利用；往好里做makethemostof更好地利用HisprogressinstudyliesinthegoodusehemadeofhissparetimeWeshouldconsiderwhatusecanbemadeofsuchamaterial10.suchas:用于列举，往往不能把事物全部列出，可以以“名词（,）suchas+被列举的事物”和“such+名词+as+被列举的事物”形式出现Sweetfood,suchaschocolatecanmakeyoufat11/11=Suchsweetfoodaschocolatecanmakeyoufatnosuchthing没有这样的事（1）若such与no,all,most,some,any,another,many,much,afew,few,little,alittle,several,one等词连用时，such应置于这些词之后。（2）如果so与many,much,few,little等词连用时，so应置于这些词之前。11.commandv.命令；指令；掌握commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事command(that)sb.(should)dosth.（从句中谓语用虚拟语气）n.命令;指令；掌握obeythecaptain’scommands服从船长的命令giveacommand发布命令bysb’scommand根据……的命令takethecommandofanarmy:统帅/指挥一支军队underthecommandofsb.=undersb’scommand在……的指挥下haveagoodcommandofEnglish.精通/熟练掌握英语12.requestv.请求，要求requeststh.要求/请求得到，索要某物requeststh.fromsb.向某人索要某物requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事=requestthatsb.(should)dosth.（从句中谓语用虚拟语气）It’srequestedthat从句据要求asrequested依据请求n.要求，请求makearequestforsth.要求/需要某物makearequestthat从句，要求byrequest应邀atsb’srequest/attherequestofsb.根据…的请求13.playapartin在……中担任角色/起作用playthepartofsb扮演某人的角色playanimportant/vitalpart/rolein(doing)sth.在……中起重要/至关重要的作用playtheleadingrole/part起主要作用，起带头作用，演主角14.recognizevt.识别；认出；承认（指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因又重新认出来）recognizesb./sb’svoice.认出某人/听出某人的声音recognizesth./that从句承认recognizesth./sb.tobe承认某人是……recognizesth./sb.assth.正式认可/接受某事/人为……recognitionn.承认，认出beyond/outofrecognition认不出来15.makesense有道理；有意义；讲得通16.holdon别挂(电话);坚持17.directionn.方向；指导；指示（常用复数）；说明书【要点】用作“方向；指导”时，与介词in或from搭配；用作“指示；说明书”时，则与under搭配。askdirections问路givedirections指路；给予指示inthedirectionof朝……方向fromthedirectionof来自……方向inalldirections=ineverydirection向四面八方underthedirectionofsb.在某人的指导下underone’sdirectionaccordingtoone’sdirections根据某人的指示follow/obey/listentoone’sdirection听从某人的指导18.putsth.down写下；记下；镇压19.havefunwithsth.以……为乐20.believeitornot信不信由你（常用作插入语，也叫独立成分）重点句子1.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.2.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.3.Bythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.4.OnereasonisthatEnglishhasalargevocabulary.5.Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.11/116.Shetoldustogoaroundthecornerontheleftandkeepgoingstraightfortwoblocks.Unit3Traveljournal重点单词和短语1.transportn.运输；运送thepublictransportofthecity城市公共运输系统thetransportofgoodsbyair空运货物intheprocessof/duringtransport/transportation在运输过程中v．运输；运送transport…(from…)to…把……从……运到……transportationn.运输ameansoftransportation一种运输方式2.prefervt.更喜欢prefercoffeetotea.更喜欢咖啡而不是茶preferdoingtodoing更喜欢干……而不愿干……prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿干……而不愿干……prefersbtodosth.宁愿让某人做某事preferthatsb(should)do更宁愿某人干…preferencen.(两者之中)较喜欢的东西；偏好；偏爱haveapreferencefor…对……偏爱havenoparticularpreference没有特别的偏好inpreferenceto...而不是；优先于3.eversince.从那以后4.persuadevt.说服；劝服.persuadesb.todosth.=persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服某人做……persuadesb.nottodosth.=persuadesb.outofdoingsth.说服某人停止做……；劝阻某人做……persuadesb.ofsth.或persuadesb.+that-clause使某人相信某事persuasiveadj.有说服力的persuasionn.说服；劝说5.graduate.v.（自大学）毕业；获得学位graduatefrom…毕业于……（学校）graduatein...毕业于……（专业）graduatesb.授予某人学位或毕业文凭n.毕业生：ahighschoolgraduate:高中毕业生asciencegraduate理学士graduationn.毕业（典礼）after/beforegraduation毕业后/前6.schedule:n.时间表；进度表classschedule:课程表aheadofschedule较预定的时间提前onschedule按照预定的时间，按时behindschedule迟于预定的时间；拖后vt.为……安排时间schedulethemeetingforthatnight会议的时间定在那天晚上bescheduledtodosth.预定做某事7.befondof(doing)sth.beinto/crazyabout(doing)sth.喜爱（做）某事；对做某事感兴趣beinterestedin(doing)sth.8.organize.vt组织；成立；安排；整理organizeafootballmatch组织一场足球赛organizeyourthoughts整理你的思路organizesb.todosth.组织某人干某事9.careabout关心；忧虑；惦念carefor喜欢；照顾takecare注意；担心takecareof照顾withcare小心；谨慎10.insistv.坚决要求；主张insiston/upondoingsth.坚持做某事insiston/uponone’sdoingsth.坚持要某人做某事insistthat-clause坚持认为；坚持说Heinsistedthathewasright.他坚持认为他是正确的。（陈述语气）Heinsistedthatheshouldbesetfree.他坚决要求他被释放。（虚拟语气）11.determinevt.&vi.确定；决定；使……下定决心determinesth./pron.确定某事11/11determineon/upon决定determinetodosth.决定做某事determinesb.todosth.使某人决定做某事determineonearlystart=determinetostartearly决定早动身determine+that-clausedeterminedadj已决定了的；坚定的；坚决的bedeterminedthat从句bedeterminedtodosth决定干某事=makeupone’smindtodosth.adeterminedlook坚定的表情adeterminedman意志坚定的人determination决定；决心withdetermination坚决地amanofgreatdetermination意志坚定的人12.goon/make/takeajourneytosp.去某地旅行13.altitude.n.海拔；高处atanaltitudeof=ataheightof在……高度at表示“在……处/时；以……”atapriceof以……的价格ataspeed/rateof以……速度atalengthof在……长度atadepth/widthof在……深度，宽度atadistanceof在……远的距离atthecostof以……为代价14.changeone’smind改变某人的主意makeupone’smind下决心readone’smind看出某人心思keepone’smindon专心于speakone’smind直言不讳have/bear/keepsth.inmind记住某事15.givein(tosb./sth.)(向……)屈服；让步；投降；上交giveoff放出（光、热、气味、蒸汽等）giveout分发；用完，耗尽；筋疲力尽giveaway泄露；赠送giveback归还；恢复givewayto让位于；妥协16.pace.n.一步；速度；步调atagoodpace相当快地keeppacewith跟……齐步前进17.attitude,n.态度；看法takeafriendlyattitudeto/towardsus.对我们采取友善的态度holdapositive/negativeattitude持积极/消极态度18.asusual:照常；像往常一样19.flowthroughsp.流经某地20.go/runlikeclockwork按计划进行；进展顺利21.weatherforecast天气预报22.view.n.视野；视力；景色；看法；观点be/gooutofview从视野消失comeintoview进入视线admiretheview欣赏景色inmyview=frommypointofview依我看来taketheviewthat-clause持有……观点v.考虑；观看viewsb.assth.把……看作23.putup举起，拾起；挂起，张贴；建造，搭建；（为某人）提供食宿thetents.搭起帐篷putupyourhands举手putupthepost张贴海报putuptenpeoplefornight为十人提供食宿过夜putaway放好；积蓄putdown写下，记下；放下；镇压putforward提出（意见、建议）putin打断，插话put...intouse投入使用putoff延迟，推迟puton穿上，带上；发胖；上演11/11putone’sheartinto全神贯注于putout扑灭（火）；出版putupwith忍受，容忍24.givemylove/bestwishestosb.请代我向……问好/候重点句子1.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.2.ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.3.Sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.4.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.5.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travellingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.6.Adeterminedpersonalwaystriestofinishthejob,nomatterhowharditis.7.Ipreferthereddresstothegreenonebecauseitfitsmebetter.8.TheveryfirsttimethatJoesawthefilm“ET”directedbyStevenSpielberg,hemadeuphismindtobecomeadirectortoo.9.Giveasmuchinformationasyoucan.10.Toclimbthemountainwashardwork.11.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.12.Wecanhardlywaittoseethem.Unit4Earthquakes重点单词和短语1.right/straightaway=atonce立刻；马上2.burst(burst,burst)vi.爆裂；爆发burstinto突然……起来burstintoaplace=breakintoaplace突然闯进burstintotears/laughters/flames突然大哭/大笑/起火burstin闯入；突然插嘴；打断burstout突然发生，突然说出burstoutcrying/laughing/singing突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来n.一阵aburstoflaughter/applause一阵笑声/掌声aburstofanger怒火的迸发3.asif/though仿佛；好像asif/though+clause虚拟情况从句时态与现在事实相反一般过去时与过去事实相反过去完成时4.atanend结束；终结intheend最后；终于attheend(ofsth.)在结尾处；在（……）结束的时候bytheendofthismonth在本月末5.ruinn.废墟；毁灭；遗迹be/lie/standinruins成为一片废墟theruinsofYuanmingyuan圆明圆遗迹v.毁灭；使破产/灭ruinone’shealth毁坏某人健康ruinone’shope使某人希望破灭6.destroy(destroyed,destroyed)vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭destroythebuilding毁坏建筑destroy/ruinone’shope使希望破灭destructionn.破坏；毁坏7.trackn.轨道；足迹；痕迹keeptrackof记录；掌握……的线索8.shock:n.休克；打击；震惊；令人震惊的事vt&vi(使)震惊；震动beagreatshock沉重的打击anelectricshock电击Thebadnewsleftusspeechlessfromshock坏消息使我们震惊得说不出话来。beshockedby/at对……感到震惊ashockingaccident令人震惊的事故9.rescue:n&vt.援救；营救rescuesb.from…从危险中救出arescueteam救援队come/gotoone’srescue营救某人rescuern.营救人员11/1110.trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境trapsb.inthemud=get/betrappedinthemud被困在泥巴里面trapsb./sth.into(doing)…诱使某人/某物（做）……setatrap设圈套11.digout(dugdug)掘出；发现digsth.outofsth.把……从……里挖出digthetruthoutofhim从他那里查出真相12.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏buryone’sface/headinsth.把脸/头伸到……里去buryoneselfin=beburiedin埋头于；专心于beburiedinthought陷入了沉思burialn.埋葬；葬礼13.sheltern.躲避（处）；避身处buildsheltersforsurvivors给幸存者建避难所takeshelterfromtherain躲雨v.保护……；遮蔽；使……住宿sheltermefromblame保护我免受责难14.judgen.裁判员；法官；vt.断定；判断；判决；认为workasajudge:当法官/裁判judgesth.from/bysth.由……来判断judgingfrom/bysth.由……来看（作状语）judgesb.tobe…认为某人……AsfarasIcanjudge据我判断judgethecase审理这个案件judgementn.判决；审判；判断makeajudgementonsth.对……作出判断15.expressvt.表达；用快递邮寄出expressoneself表达自己expressthanks/thoughts表达感谢/思想expresstheletter用快递方式寄出信件expresssth.tosb.=expresstosb.sth.向某人表示/表达某事16.rise(rose;risen)vi.升高；增长；站在；起床n.上升；上涨；增升；涨工资riseby20%增长了20%riseto200.增长到200risefromthechair从椅子上站起来Earlytobedandearlytoriseisgoodtoyourhealth早睡早起对身体有好处askforarise要求涨工资getarise升级；涨工资17.runoutof从……跑出来；用光（不用被动)18.thinklittle/nothingof轻视；忽视；对……满不在乎thinkmuch/highlyof重视；看重；对……高度评价thinkofsb.as…把……看作19.reachv.延伸；达成（协议）；得出结论；伸手够到某物；与……取得联系Thewoodsreachesasfarastheriver森林延伸至河边reachanagreement达成协议reachaconclusion得出结论reachhimbytelephone用电话与他取得联系reachoutforsth伸手去拿n.够着；达到outofthereachofsb.在某人伸手够不着的地方withinthereachofsb.在某人伸手够得着的地方above/beyondthereachofsb.超出某人的能力20.giveoutvt.发出（光；热；气味）；分发；发表；发布（消息）vi.用尽；筋疲力尽21.Itsounds/looks/feels/seemsasif听/看/感觉起来/看来好像22.intheopenair在户外23.offer/sendone’scongratulationstosb.onsth.=congratulatesb.onsth.向某人祝贺某事24.honorvt.给予（某人）荣誉；使得到尊敬/荣誉n.名誉；面子；敬意；引起尊敬的人或物honorsb.forsth.=behonoredforsth.因某事而受到尊敬/表彰be/feelhonoredtodosth.做某事感到荣幸It’sagreathonorforsb.todosth.做某事对某人来说很荣幸Sheisanhonortothisprofession.她是这一行业的光荣。havethehonortodo/ofdoingsth.有做某事的荣幸dosb.an/thehonorofdoing(sth.)赏光inhonorofsb.=insb’shonor为向……表示敬意；为纪念……25.withoutwarning在没有任何先兆的情况下26.thedisaster-hit/strickenareas受灾地区重点句子1.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.2.Itseemsasiftheworldwasatanend.3.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.4.Allhopewasnotlost.5.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.11/116.Asyouknow,thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirty-fouryearsago.7.Themanwassleepingdownstairswhentheearthquakehappened.8.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeveryproudofyou!Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero重点单词和短语1.quality.n.质量；品质；性质beofhighgood/low/poorquality质量高/低amanoffinequalities:一位有很多好品质的男子thequalitiesofwater水的特性qualifyv.使……具体资格（品质）2.meanadj.吝啬的；自私；卑鄙的It’smeanofsb.todosth.做某事真是太自私/卑鄙了bemeantosb.about/oversth.在某方面对某人很吝啬3.active.adj.积极的；活跃的；主动的beactivein…在……方面很积极/活跃takeanactivepartin…积极参与……lead／liveanactivelife过着积极的生活activevoice主动语态activityn.活动4.devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于devote...to...把……献给……devoteoneselftosth./doingsth.献身于，专心于；致力于bedevotedto致力于；专用于devoteone’slife/time/money/energytosth./doingsth.把本人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于……devoted.adj.忠实的；深爱的；全心全意的adevotedfriend一位忠实的朋友adevotedmother一位贤妻良母5.principlen.法则；原则；原理inprinciple.原则上；大致上sticktoone’sprinciples恪守自己的原则ontheprincipleof根据……的原则againstone’sprinciple违背某人的原则6.guidancen.指导；领导guidanceonsth.对某事物的指导offerguidancetosb.给某人提供指导under/withtheguidanceofsb.=under/withsb’sguidance在某人的指导下7.outofwork=beoutofajob失业outofcontrol失去控制outofpatience失去耐心outofreach够不着outofdate过时outofsight看不见outofmoney钱花光outofmind心不在焉outoforder坏了；混乱8.votevt&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决voteon…就……投票votefor/against投票赞成/反对votetodo投票表决帮某事；vote+that-clause9.attackvt&vi.袭击；攻击；抨击attacksb.frombehind背后攻击attackthegovernment’snewpolicy抨击政府新政策n.发病；袭击；攻击makeanattackon/against…攻击；袭击；抨击underattack遭到袭击/抨击airattack空袭aheartattack心脏病突发10.asamatteroffact事实上=in(actual)fact=actually=inreality11.blowup炸毁；给……充气，打气getthetireblownup给轮胎打气blowuptheballoons给汽球充气blowupabridge炸毁一座桥blowout吹灭，熄灭blowdown刮倒12.equaladj.相等的；平等的；equalpayforequalwork同工同酬beequalto与……相等；等于；能胜任v.等于；比得上n.同等（对等）的人；对于；匹敌者equalsbinsth=beanequaltosbinsth.在某方面与某人匹敌/势力相当equallyadv.13.beintrouble在危险；受罚；痛苦；忧虑等的处境中askfortrouble自寻烦恼getintotrouble遇到麻烦;出事havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难11/11maketrouble制造麻烦takegreattroubletodosth不辞辛苦做某事14.turnto求助于；致力于；转向；变成；转变到turntosb.forhelp/advice向某人求助/救turntotheleft向左转turntopage20翻到20页turntotheEnglishdictionary查英文辞典giveupmedicineandturntowriting放弃医学转向写作15.loseheart丧失勇气或信心loseface丢脸loseweight减肥loseone’sheartto爱上；喜欢上loseone’sway迷路loseoneselfin迷上loseone’ssight失明loseone’stemper发怒16.excape.vi&vt逃脱；逃走；泄露escapepunishment/beingpunished逃避惩罚escapefrom..从……逃跑/脱n.逃跑；逃脱makeone’sescape设法逃走haveanarrowescape死里逃生；勉强逃脱17.cometopower当权；上台18.begv.请求；乞求begsb.todosth.乞求（某人）做某事begsb.forsth.向某人要某东西Begyourpardon请原谅；请再说一遍19.rewardn.报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏rewardsb.withsth.用……酬谢某人rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因……而酬谢某人inreward作为报酬asarewardfor…作为……的报酬（奖赏）give/offerarewardtosb.forsth.为某事而给某人奖赏20.setupalaboratory建立一个实验室setupafundfortheHopeProject为希望工程设立一项基金setouttodosth.开始干……；着手于…setout/offforsp.动身去某地setoff引爆，使……爆炸，动身setaboutdoingsth开始干（做）某事21.besentencedto被判处……（徒刑）22.opinionn.意见；看法；主张haveagood/bad/high/lowopinionofsb./sth.对……评价好/不好/高/低inone’sopinion=intheopinionofsb.以……看来theopinionof/aboutsth.……方面的意见/观点23.fight(fought,fought)vi&vt.打仗；打架；与……进行斗争或奋斗；对抗fightfor为……而战fightagainst……为反对……而战；与……作战（斗争）fightwith…同……斗争/同……并肩作战fightback还击；忍住fightwithsb.about……因……而和某人争吵24.beinprison坐牢（强调状态）gotoprison去坐牢escapefromprison越狱send/takesb.toprison把某人送进监狱put/throwsb.intoprison把某人投进监狱25.begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人26.achievevt.完成，实现；达到（目的）；赢得（名声）achievenothing一无所获achievesuccess/victory获得成功/胜利achieveone’spurpose/goal达到目的achieveone’saim/dream实现目标/梦想achieveagoodreputation获得好的名声achievemodernization实现现代化achievementn.成绩；业绩achieveableadj.（事情）可完成的；可达到的重点句子1.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadtohaveapassporttoliveinJohannesburg.2.IworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.3.Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightandprogress.untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.4.Wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.5.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.6.Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.7.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.8.Theywerenotclevererthanme,buttheydidpasstheexams.9.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.11/1111/11