必修一Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroLanguagepoints语言要点（模块）单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1.fightfor/against/with2.reward/award3.accept/receive4.since/because/as/for词形变化1.crueladj. 残暴的,残忍的cruelty n. 残暴,残忍2.hopen.v.希望;期望hopefuladj.有希望的,顺利的,有前途的hopelessadj.没有希望的;令人绝望的3.educatevt.教育educationn.教育;教育体制educatedadj.受过教育的;受过训练的重点单词1.devotevt.投入；献身2.votev.投票（决定）；选举　n.投票,选票,表决,得票数3.rewardn.报酬，奖金vt.酬谢，给以报答4.equaladj.平等的；相等的5.advisev.建议重点词组1.beinprison在狱中，被监禁2.outofwork失业,出问题3.loseheart丧失勇气或信心重点句子1.Wewereputinapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewereless16\nimportant,orfighttheGovernment.1.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.重点语法定语从句（见语法部分）Ⅰ词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1.fightfor/against/with【解释】fightfor/against/withfightfor为……而斗争；努力争取fightagainst与……作斗争fightwith和……并肩作战，和……打仗/打架/斗争【练习】用正确的fight短语填空1).Wewillhaveto________difficulties.2).Theytoldtheworkersto_________theirrights.3).DuringWorldWarII,theBritish_________FrenchmenagainstGermans.Keys:1).fightagainst2).fightfor3).foughtwith2.reward/award【解释】award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”;reward作名词时，作“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”讲。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).Thefilm________arepresentedannually．2).A__________wasofferedforthereturnofthepassport．Keys:1).awards2).reward3.accept/receive【解释】accept(接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”receive(收到,得到),表示客观收到,还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”16\n【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空I________hisletterofinvitation,butIdidn't________it.Keys:received…accept4.since/because/as/for【解释】since=nowthat意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。because表语气最强,经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。as可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。for是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).Ican’tgo_________I’mill.2).________therainhasstopped,let’sgooutforawalk.3).________I’mleavingtomorrow,I’veboughtyouagift.4).Itmusthaverainedlastnight,________thegroundiswet.Keys:1).because2).Since3).As4).forII词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1.crueladj. 残暴的,残忍的cruelty n. 残暴,残忍2.hopen.v.希望;期望hopefuladj.有希望的,顺利的,有前途的hopelessadj.没有希望的;令人绝望的3.educatevt.教育educationn.教育;教育体制educatedadj.受过教育的;受过训练的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)Sheisahighly________woman(educate)2)Parentsshould_________theirchildrentobehavewell.(educate)3）Achildreceivesitsearly_________athome.(educate)4）Manyayoung_________wenttoHollywood.(hope)5）Our________forfineweatherwerenotdisappointed.(hope)16\n6）MostofthestudentsaremakinggoodprogressbutJeremyseemsa________case.(hope)7)Don'tbe________toanimals.(cruel)8)Hesawalotof_________intheprisoncamp.(cruel)Keys:1)educated2)educate3)education4)hopeful5)hopes6)hopeless7)cruel8)crueltyⅢ重点词汇（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1.devotevt.投入；献身[典例]1).Hedevotedhimselfentirelytomusic.他将一生奉献给了音乐。2).Marydevotedherlifetocaringforthesick.玛丽献身于为病人服务。[重点用法]devote…to…献身于；专心于在devote…to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：payattentionto（注意……）;stickto（坚持……）;leadto（导致……）;prefer…to（相比……更喜欢……）;lookforwardto（盼望……）;[练习]中译英1).她深爱她的孩子。2).我们应全力以赴地工作。Keys:1).Sheisdevotedtoherchildren.2).Weshoulddevotealloureffortstoourtasks.2.votev.投票（决定）；选举　n.投票,选票,表决,得票数[典例]1).WevotedDemocratinthelastelection.我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。2).We’lllistentotheargumentsonbothsidesandthenvoteonit.我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。3).Thevotesarestillbeingcounted.选票仍在统计中。[重点用法]votedown投票否决；投票击败votein投票选出；选举16\nvotethrough表决通过put…tothevote将……付诸表决take/haveavoteon对……进行表决votefor/against投票赞成/反对[练习]用恰当的介词或副词填空。1).Thesuggestionwasvotedbyalargemajority.2).Shallwetakeavotethequestion?3).Theissuewasputthevote.4).Wasthevoteorthematter?Keys:1).through2).on3).to4).for;against3.rewardn.报酬，奖金vt.酬谢，给以报答[典例]1).Heworkedhardbutwithoutmuchreward.他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。2).Herewardedmewithaprize.他用一个奖励来报答我。[重点用法]inreward(for…)作为（对……的）报酬、报答givearewardtosb.forsth.为……给某人报酬、赏金rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因……报答、奖赏某人rewardsb.withsth.用……报答、奖赏某人[练习]中译英1).她的善良没有得到任何回报。_______________________________________________________________________________2).她向他报之以一笑。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).Shegotnothinginrewardforherkindness.2).Sherewardedhimwithasmile.4.equaladj.平等的；相等的[典例]1).Womendemandequalpayforequalwork.女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。2).Allpeoplearebornequal.人人生来平等。[重点用法]16\nbeequalto与……相等beequalwith与……平等[练习]中译英1).一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。_______________________________________________________________________________2).他们认为，在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).Oneunitofalcoholisequaltohalfapintofbeer.2).TheybelievethatinthesightofGodthepoorareequalwiththerich.5.advisev.建议[典例]1).Ihaveadvisedyouonthatsubject.在那个问题上，我给过你建议.2).ChristieadvisesustopractiseoralEnglishasoftenaspossible.Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语.3).Iadvisethatyou(should)noteatfruitthatisn’tripe.我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.[重点用法]advisesb.onsth.就……给某人出主意advise+n./pron.建议……advisesb.todosth.建议某人干……advise(one’s)doingsth.建议（某人）干……advise+(that)sb.(should)doadvicen.　建议；意见apieceofadvice　一条建议gotosb.foradvice=asksb.foradvice　向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见giveadvicetosb.onsth.　就……对某人提供建议followsb’sadvice=takesb’sadvice接受某人的建议[练习]中译英1).我建议换个方式。_______________________________________________________________________________2).我们建议他们应该及早开始。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).I'dadvisetakingadifferentapproach.16\n2).Weadvisedthattheyshouldstartearly/advisedthemtostartearly.Ⅳ重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1.beinprison在狱中，被监禁[典例]1).Hefoughtfortheblackpeopleandwasinprisonforthirtyyears.他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。2).Hehasbeeninprisonforfiveyearsforstealing.因为偷东西,他曾在监狱呆过5年.[短语归纳]put…inprison=send…toprison=throw…intoprison把……投入监狱Thecarthieveshavebeenputinprison.那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。[练习]用be,put,send,throw的恰当形式填空。1).Thelawyerfinallythemurdererintoprison.2).Therobberinprisonforseveralyears.3).Thethiefbeggedtheguardfornothimtoprison.4).Lastyear,themaninprisonforstealingacar.Keys:1).threw2).hasbeen3).sending4).wasput2.outofwork失业,出问题[典例]1).Jimhasbeenoutofworkforseveralmonths.吉姆已经失业几个月了。2).Mary’scellphonehasbeenoutofworkforseveraldays,whichbroughtheralotofinconvenience.玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。[短语归纳]inwork有工作outofbreath上气不接下气outofpatience不耐烦outofuse没用了outofdate过时outoforder次序颠倒；出故障outofcontrol失控outofdanger脱离危险outofshape变形Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见,心不烦。[练习]用适当的介词（短语）填空。1).Althoughmycomputerisdatenow,butit’sstilluse.16\n2).Afterfours’operation,thepatienthasbeendanger.Keys:1).outof;in2).outof3.loseheart丧失勇气或信心[典例]1).Hefailedmanytimes,buthedidn’tloseheart.他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。2).Nomatterwhatyoudo,neverloseheart.不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。[短语归纳]loseone'sjob失业loseone'sbalance失去平衡loseone'sbreath上气不接下气loseone'sheart(tosb/sth)爱上loseone'slife丧生;遇害loseface丢脸;受屈辱[练习]中译英1).不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。_______________________________________________________________________________2).她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).Don’tloseheart,allwillturnoutwell.2).Shelostherhearttoayoungsoldier.V重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1.Wewereputinapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfighttheGovernment.我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。[解释]这是一个主从复合句，inwhich引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。类似的名词还有situation,stage,case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句Canyouthinkofasituationwhereyouoncefeltembarrassed?拓展：介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when,where和why。Heisthebossoftherestaurantwhere（=inwhich）weoftenhavelunch.Todaywhen（=onwhich）theproductwillbeputintousewillcomesoon.Thereasonwhy（=forwhich）hewaslateforschoolwasunbelievable.[练习]中译英16\n1).你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗？_______________________________________________________________________________2).他迟到的原因令人难以置信。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).Canyouthinkofasituationwhereyouoncefeltembarrassed?2).Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschoolwasunbelievable.2.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。[解释]当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构,将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth,whichwasabigsurprisetohim.昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他,这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakepeopleontheothersideoftheriverhearhim.他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。[练习]中译英1).昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他,这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息。_______________________________________________________________________________2).他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth,whichwasabigsurprisetohim.2).Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakepeopleontheothersideoftheriverhearhim.单元自测（模块）1完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。16\n字数：214完成时间：14分钟难度：**OnKeepingaDiaryinEnglishKeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneoftheeffectivewaystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.Comparedwithotherformsofwriting,itis21andtakeslesstime.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ifwe22tothispractice,gradually,we'lllearnhowtoexpressourselvesinEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainly23upagainstalotofdifficulties.Inthefirstplace,itoftenhappensthatwehavetroublefinding24wordsandphrasestogive25toourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.Anditisextremely26forustoputthemintoEnglishproperly.Surely,therearesomeother27wemaycomeacrossinkeepingadiaryinEnglish.AsfarasIamconcerned,mysuggestionisthatweshouldalwayshavea(n)28andaChinese-Englishdictionarywithineasy29.Wheneversomethingbeatsus,wecanputitdowninournotebookandthenconsultourdictionary.Wecanalso30toEnglishteachersforhelp,ifnecessary.Inshort,IbelievethatitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishforthedevelopmentofourwritingskills.21.A.longerB.shorterC.thickerD.better22.A.insistB.stickC.contributeD.refer23.A.runB.bringC.comeD.turn24.A.approximateB.appropriateC.appreciativeD.approachable25.A.ideaB.adviceC.expressionD.explanation26.A.easyB.hardC.goodD.bad27.A.roadblocksB.methodsC.waysD.objects28.A.penB.backpackC.eraserD.notebook29.A.handB.sightC.reachD.ability30.A.runB.turnC.flyD.oppose答案：21．B．下文提到需要更少的时间，所以应该是比较短而不是更长或者更厚，这里没有比较质量问题，所以不可能是“更好”。22．B．考察动词短语。根据意义，应该用stickto表示坚持。insiston坚持；contribute16\nto对……有贡献；referto参考；谈到；涉及。23．A.考察动词短语。runupagainst遭遇<困难)；bringup抚养；comeupagainst面对；遭到……的反对。24．B．根据上文提到的写英语日记的困难，应该是“在找合适的词语时会有困难。”25．C.写英语日记的目的是为了提高写作技巧，提高自我表达能力，因此应该是在找合适的词语进行，自我表达。26．B．这段话的大意是在谈论写英语日记的困难或者会遇到的问题，所以可确定答案是hard．27．A.roadblocks障碍。从上文和therearesomeother可以看出这里是说：还有其他的困难／障碍，重要的信息词是：other。28．D.从下文Wecanputitdowninournotebookandthenconsultourdictionary可以直接找到信息。29．C.根据句子的意义和搭配：within(one's)reach可以确定选项。30．B．turntosbforhelp向某人求助。2语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。字数：147完成时间：9分钟难度：***Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereis31mixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisis32therearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,more33(disagree)ininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizations34differentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertolerancein35(mix)societies.36thesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecision.Inasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,thereare37(few)occasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityforchangebecause38seemstobethesame.And39conditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,40areatleastcustomaryanddoubtless.答案：16\n31．a32．that33．disagreements34．with35．mixed36．All37．fewer38．everything39．although40．they本文讲的是不同种类的人融合在一起的社会较人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会变化更快：31．a．指“一种”有各种不同人的混合型社会。32．that在thereasonfor／why…isthat…句型中，习惯上用that引导表语从句。33．disagreements．在thereare后与ideas并列一定是名词，且也要用复数表示“不同意见”。34．with．指“具有”不同信仰的群体或组织。35．mixed．因societies与mix是被动关系，用动词的－ed形式作定语，表示“混合的”。36．All．指上述提到的“所有”这些因素都会促使社会变化。37．fewer．指在“人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会”较在“不同人混合的社会里”，人们觉得有必要改变的机会“更少”。38．everything．everything在原因状语从句中作主语，表示“一切、所有事情”。39．a1though/though．由前后两个分句的逻辑意义可知填表示“尽管，虽然”的连词。40．they．指前面的conditions。3阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：308难度：**时间：6分钟Electricaldevices(仪器)couldsoonusepowermadebyhumanenergy.Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedanexperimentaldevicethatproduceselectricityfromthephysicalmovementofapersonwalking.BritishscientistMaxDonelanandotherscientistsinCanadaandtheUnitedStatesdevelopedthedevice.Thedeviceconnectstoaperson'sknee.Asthepersonwalks,thedevicecapturesenergyeachtimethepersonslowsdown.Todothis,thedevicehelpswiththeslowingdownmovementoftheleg.Themovementsofthewalkingpersonpushpartsofasmallmachinethatproduceselectricity.Usingthedevice,anadultwalkingquicklycouldproducethirteenwattsofelectricityinjustaminute.Donelansayswalkingatthatspeedcouldproduceenoughpowertooperatealaptopcomputerforsixminutes.16\nThereareseveralpossibleusesforthedevice.Developerssayitcouldhelppeoplewhoworkinareaswithoutelectricitytooperatesmallcomputers.Thedevicecouldalsobeusedinhospitalstooperateheartpacemakers(起搏器).Itcouldevenbeusedtoassistinthemovementofroboticarmsandlegs.Theexperimentalversionofthedeviceweighsaboutoneandahalfkilograms,butitistoocostlyformostpeopletobuy.Buttheresearchershopetomakealighter,lesscostlyversion.Animprovedversionshouldbereadyinoneyear.Thedevelopershopethedevicewillonedayhelpdevelopingcountries.Nearlytwenty-fivepercentofpeoplearoundtheworldlivewithoutelectricpower.Asimilarproductwasinventedin2005byLarryRomeoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.Hecreatedabagcarriedonaperson'sbackthatalsoproducespowerfromwalking.Thekneedevicedoesnotproduceasmuchelectricityasthebag.Butthebagrequiresthewalkertocarryaloadoftwentytothirtykilograms.41.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout_______.A.whodevelopedthedeviceB.howthedeviceworksC.severalpossibleusesforthedevicesD.howmuchelectricitythedevicecanproduce42.Whatisthedisadvantageoftheexperimentalversionofthedevice?A.Itistooheavyforthewalkertobear.B.Itistoocomplexforpeopletouse.C.Itwillslowdownone'swalkingspeed.D.Itistoodearformostpeopletoafford.43.ComparedwiththedevicedesignedbyLarryRome,thisnewdevice_______.A.producespowerwithoutaddingmoreloadstothewalkerB.canproducemorepowerinamuchshortertimeC.needstobeequippedwithabatteryD.canhelpthewalkerwalkfaster44.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheelectricaldevicecan_______.A.helphousewivesoperatethemicro-waveoven16\nB.makeitmucheasierforustogoonlineC.producemoreelectricitythanthatinventedbyLarryRomeD.beappliedinmedicinetooperateheartpacemakers45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FirstdevicepoweredbywalkingwillsoonbeonthemarketB.AdvancedtechnologybringsinanewwaytooperateheartpacemakersC.DevicegivesnewmeaningtotheideaofpowerwalkingD.HumanenergywillbecomeamainsourceofelectricityA篇科学家研制出一种固定在人膝盖上的发电装置。这种装置可通过收集人走路时损失的能量发电。41.B。段落大意题。第二段主要讲了这种电子装置的工作原理，即它是如何利用人步行来发电的。42.D。细节推断题。根据第四段中的itistoocostlyformostpeopletobuy可知这种实验版的设备费用太高，大多数人买不起。43.A。推理判断题。根据末段可知，过去LarryRome发明的设备虽然也是靠行走获取能量，但是需要步行者背重达20到30公斤的负荷，而这种佩戴在膝盖上的设备重量只有1.5公斤，不需增加步行者的太多负担。44.D。细节理解题。根据文章第3段thedevicecouldalsobeusedinhospitalstooperateheartpacemakers可直接选出答案D项。A项文中没有涉及到，B项表述不科学，根据文章最后一段可以推断C项表述错误。45.C。归纳标题题。文章主要突出的内容是这种新的电子设备使得利用人步行获取能量变得轻松、容易。4写作训练[写作内容]一个英国中学生代表团访问你校，你作为学生代表向来访者口头介绍神舟七号发射的相关情况，介绍内容要点如下：1．神舟七号宇宙飞船于2008年9月25日晚上9：10分升空。2．这是中国的第三次载人飞行。飞船成功地将三人小组送人太空，小组中的翟志刚进行了我国首次太空行走。16\n3．太空行走在北京时间2008年9月27日下午进行，持续大约26分钟。之后宇航员返回地球。4．这次太空飞行任务持续了四天，它将有助于中国掌握两颗卫星的对接技术(technologyfor，dockingtwoorbiters)。5．中国成为继前苏联、美国之后世界上第三个能够实现太空行走的国家。6．我们为此感到骄傲。[写作要求]只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。开头和结尾已经给出。[评分标准]句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。Dearfriends,Welcometoourschool！It'sagreathonorformetosaysomethingaboutChina'sShenzhouVII-spaceship.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That'sall.Thankyou！[答案]Dearfriends,Welcometoourschool!It'sagreathonorformetosaysomethingaboutChina'sShenzhouVIIspaceship.China'sShenzhouVIIspaceshiptookoffat9:10pmonSep25,2008.ItwasChina'sthirdmannedspacejourney,whichsuccessfullylaunchedathree-mancrewintothespacewhereoneofthem,ZhaiZhigang,madeChina'sfirstspacewalk.OnSep27,ZhaiZhigangsuccessfullymadea26-minutespacewalkandthentheastronautsreturnedtoEarth.The4-dayjourneyisexpectedtohelpChinamasterthetechnologyfordockingtwoorbiters.ThesuccessofShenzhouVIIhasmadeChinathethirdcountryintheworldthathasmadespacewalkafterthe16\nformerSovietUnionandtheUSA,sowealltakeprideinit.That'sall.Thankyou!16