欢迎来到英语课堂Module2GrammarFantasyLiterature—PhilipPullman分词主要是指现在分词和过去分词两种。分词做状语主要有以下几种形式：1.如果分词和句中的主语是主动的关系，则用现在分词形式A.如果现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作或状态是同时发生的或几乎同时发生：Doingsth,sb/sth….Walkingdownthestreet,shesawabigbuilding.分词做状语B.如果分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生，则现在分词需用完成形式：Havingdonesth,sb/sth…Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,shedidnotwanttogotothecinema.C.否定形式，在分词前加NOT:Notdoingsth,sb/sth…Notknowingheraddress,wecouldnotgetintouchwithher.Nothavingdonesth,sb/sth…Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertothem.2.如果分词和句中的主语是被动的关系，则用过去分词形式.A.Done…,sb/sth…Encouragedbythesesuccesses,theydecidedtoworkevenharder.B.Havingbeendone,sb/sth…Havingbeengivenenoughattention,thetreesgrowverywellC.Notdone,sb/sth…Notfollowedbyanyspies,007feltrelieved.Nothavingbeendone,sb/sth…Nothavingbeentoldwhentostart,hecamelate分词做状语，要特别注意，分词所表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态，也就是说，分词的意义上的主语必须和谓语动词的主语是一致的。试比较下面的句子：1．Walkingthroughthepark,wesawalotofpigeons.2.Walkingthroughthepark,thepigeonslookedverybeautiful.3.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelookslikeasmallbox4.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,wefindthevillagelooklikeasmallbox.注意现在分词做状语：The–ingformusedasanadverbial,whichisusedtotalkaboutactionsthathappenaroundthesametimeasthemainverb.A.IndicatingTIMEFlyingovertheChannel,Allensawthewavesbelow.(Whenhewasflying…)Enteringmyhouse,Ifoundalotofbookslyingonthefloor.(AssoonasIenteredthehouse…)Note:Ifyouhavealreadydonesthbeforethemainverb,thepresentperfecthastobeused.Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyforthecomingexams.(Afterwehavemade…,)Havingboughtthreetickets,Iinvitedmystudentstotheplay.(AfterIhadbought…)B.IndicatingREASONBeingillseriouslylastweek,hestayedinhospitalforaweek.(Sincehewasilllastweek…,)Notknowingwheretogo,hewanderedalongthestreets.(Sincehedidn’tknow…,)Shesentalettertoherfather,hopingtogethissupport.(…becauseshehopedtogethissupport.)C.IndicatingATTENDANTCIRCUMATANCE（伴随）1.Theroosterpeckedattheglitteringstone,thinkingthatitmightbeusefultosomeoneelse.2.Blackieranovertothewindow,barkingandwagginghistail.3.ThechildrenwalkedalongtheWestLake,talkingandlaughing.D.IndicatingMANNER（方式）1.Threetimesthevillagerscamerunningtotheshepherdboy.2.Onhearingthenews,herushedoutinahurry,fallingflatontheground.3.Theboyplayedtruant（逃学），hitchhiking1000milesfromEnglandtoFrance.E.IndicatingPURPOSE1.ItalkedtoJohnforthreehours,tryingtopersuadehimtogiveuphisplan.(inorderto)2.Weaskedsomescientistsandlookedupthedictionaries,searchingforacorrectanswertoourquestion.(inorderto)F.IndicatingCONDIION1.Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthepostoffice.Youcan’tmissit.(if)2.Workinghard,you’llsucceed.(if)以上状语结构的否定形式都在-ing分词前加not。1.Nothearingthebell,thenaughtyboydashedoutoftheclassroom.2.Notrealizingwhathappened,themotherburstoutcrying.Conj.+-ing(presentparticiple)asanadverbialwhen,while,before,after,since+-ingasanadverbialtoexpresstime1.Whenmeetingforeignguests,healwaysfeelsuneasy.=(Whenhemeets…,)2.Whileeatingsupper,IoftenwatchEnglishnews.=(WhenIeat…,)3.Afterdoinghishomework,Tomwentouttoplayfootballwithhisfriends.=(Afterhedid…,)4.Sinceleavingschool,I’veneverseensomeofmyuniversityclassmates.=(SinceIleft…,)Completethesentencesfromthepassagewiththewordsbelow.puttingpushingkeepingwatching1.Still________.Willsawthecatbehavestrangely.2.________downhisshoppingbagwillheldouthishand.3.Hecrossedtheroad.________hiseyesontheplacewherethecathadvanished.4.________hisshoppingbagthrough,heclimbedthroughthehole.PushingwatchingPuttingKeepingMatchthetwopartsofthesentences.1.Leapingintotheair.2.Shoutingangrily.3.Theboywalkedthroughthesilentstreets.4.Pickinguptheknife.5.Thebearcameoutofthebushes.A.makingaloudnoiseandshowingitsteethB.themanwavedhisswordatthestranger.C.theboylookedatitcarefullyD.listeningforthesoundofhumanvoicesE.thewitchvanishedCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsbelow.putlookseeturnhold1.Thecatleaptback,________itstailhigh.2.________outapaw,thecatpattedtheairinfrontofher.3.________away,thecatapproachedhim.4.Thecatstopped,________atsomethinginvisibletoWill.lookingholdingPuttingTurningCompletethepassage.LastweekendIwalkedintoourlocalbookshop,(1)______tofindacopyofPhilipPullman’sHisDarkMaterials.Allmyfriends(2)______readitandIwantedtoknow(3)______foundit(4)______easily.(5)______aNo.88buscomingalongtheroad,Idecidedtotakeit,(6)______itwasquitealongwalkhome.hopinghadwhysoSeeingas(7)______onthebus,Iwassurprisedtoseeanoldfriendof(8)______.WestartedtalkingandI(9)______realizedthatwehadarrivedatmystop.(10)_______up,Icried,“Pleasewait!Thisismystop!”I(11)______offthebusintimeandsmiledhappily.Then,suddenly(12)_______Ihadleftmybooksbehindonthebus,I(13)______,“Stop,please!”Butitwas(14)______late.Thebushadgoneaway,(15)______mybookswithit.RidingminesuddenlyJumpinggotrealizingshoutedtootakingCompletethesesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsbelow.thinkknowsitseeleave1.On______her,thekingimmediatelyfallsinlovewithher.2.Hemarriesher,not______whoshereallyis.3.Before______hiskingdom,hecallshissontohim.4.After______aboutthesituation,hedecidestokillthewitchhimself.5.While______byapool,Ferdinandseesafrog.sittingseeingknowingleavingthinkingRewritethesentenceswiththe–ingformoftheverbs.Whenhereturnstothepalace,thekingmarriesthewoman.Onreturningtothepalace,thekingmarriesthewoman.Example:1.Whenhesawthewitch,theboyranaway.On_______________________________________.2.Beforehestartsthewar,thekingspeakstotheprince.Before___________________________________.seeingthewitch,theboyranawaystartingthewar,thekingspeakstotheprince3.Whilehewasfightinginthewar,theprincelearntmanythings.While_________________________________________.4.Afterhehadspokentohisson,thekingwenttowar.After__________________________________________.5.Becausehedoesn’tknowwhattodo,Ferdinandfollowsthefrog’sadvice.Not__________________________________________.fightinginthewar,theprincelearntmanythingsspeakingtohisson,thekingwenttowarknowingwhattodo,Ferdinandfollowsthefrog’sadviceCompletethepassage.(1)______enteringthepalace,thewitch(2)______immediatelygivenherownrooms,(3)______lookedoutontoabeautifulgarden.Thekingtookherinto(4)______garden,and(5)______walkingaroundit,hesaid,“Allthisisyoursnow.”On(6)______thesewords,thewitchturnedaway(7)______smiled,(8)______thatshehadwonthekingsheart,“(9)______youbemywife?”WillAfterwaswhichtheafterhearingandknowingaskedtheking,(10)______intothewitch’sbeautifulgreeneyes.Thewitchturned(11)______fromhim.“Iwill,”shesaid,(12)______lookingathim,butlookingdownattheground.Thensheopenedher(13)______greeneyeswideandsaid,“Iam(14)______happiestwomanintheworld.”(15)______leavingthewitch,thekingwenttotellhispeoplethegoodnews.Butthewitchsatalone,withawickedsmileonherface.Afterlookingawaywithoutbigthe