第5练　阅读＋七选五＋完形＋书面表达Ⅰ.阅读理解体裁：科普文　话题：科学世界　词数：360　时间：7′SirJohn，aBritishscientistwhowonlastyear'sNobelPrizeformedicine，saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50years，andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate”forthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclone“copies”toreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissues，thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown，thefirst“testtubebaby”．Hesaid，“Whenmyfirstfrogexperimentsweredone，anAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwillbebeforethesethingscanbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid，‘Well，itcouldbeanywherebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years？’Itturnedoutthatitwasn'tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerned.Maybethesameanswerisappropriate.”SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwin，anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”．Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren，whoarenolongerfertile(能生育的)，tocreateanotherusingthemother'seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchild，thinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffective，is60percentinfavor.Thereasonsfor“no”areusuallythatthenewchildwouldfeeltheyweresomesortofareplacementforsomething.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍了克隆人类或在未来50年内变成现实。1．SirJohnpredictedthehumancloningwouldbearealityin________atmost.A．100yearsB．60yearsC．50yearsD．10years答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“thesuccessfulcloningofamammalwould\nhappenwithin50years，andthat‘maybethesameanswerisappropriate’forthesteptohumancloning”可知，克隆人类或在未来50年内变成现实。故选C。]2．Accordingtothetext，whichstatementisNOTtrue?A．LouiseBrownisthefirst“testtubebaby”．B．Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.C．SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D．Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn'texistbefore.答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“becamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown，thefirst‘testtubebaby’”可知，LouiseBrown是第一个试管婴儿，所以A项正确；根据第二段第一句中的“Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissues”可知，克隆人类仍然是一个存在争议的话题，所以B项正确；根据第二段SirJohn所说的话“Well，itcouldbeanywherebetween...howabout50years？”可知，他对未来克隆人类的发展是肯定的，所以C项正确。根据第二段最后一句“...doctorswouldthereforesimplybe‘copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced’．”可知，克隆人类是复制已存在的人类，所以D项不正确。故选D。]3．Theunderlinedword“identical”probablymeans________．A．sameB．specialC．newD．clear答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据本句中的“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”可知，identical意为“相同的，完全同样的”。故选A。]4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．ThelifeofSirJohn.B．Predictiononhumancloning.C．Viewsonhumancloning.D．Achievementsinhumancloning.答案　B　[主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，SirJohn预测克隆人类或在未来50年内变成现实，所以整篇文章在说明对克隆人类的预测。故选B。]Ⅱ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatisthepurposeofreadingorstudying？Ifyoucan'trememberwhatyouread\norstudy，itwillbeawasteoftime.__5__Oneusefulaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawaywhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis，“No，thankyou.I'mjustlooking.”？Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren'tsurewhatyouwant，youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead，“Yes，thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays，“Right，thisway，please”．It'squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchooseabook，“justlooking”fornothinginparticular，youarelikelytogetjustthat—nothing.__6__Yourreasonswillvaryandtheywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”，“tounderstandthereasonsfor”and“tofindouthow”．__7__Beforeyoustarttostudy，yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis，“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica”．Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying，yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.Readingisnotonesingleactivity.__8__Asyouread，youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit，relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow，andusingitforyourownpurposes.__9__Onepartofcriticalreading，asyouhavediscovered，isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone'sownpersonalreactions.Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.A．Thisisaneffectivestudyingway.B．Inotherwords，agoodreaderisacriticalreader.C．Yourememberbetterwhenyouknowwhatyou'respeaking.D．Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.E．Itisimportantforstudentstohaveapositiveattitudetotheirstudy.F．Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant，youarealmostsuretogetit.G．Perhapsyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomegoodwaysofkeepingyourselffrom\nforgetting.答案　5.G　6.F　7.A　8.D　9.BⅢ.完形填空体裁：夹叙夹议文　话题：学习方法　词数：296　时间：16′Everybodyknowshowtolearn.Learningisanaturalthing.Itbeginsthe__10__weareborn.Ourfirstteachersareourfamilies.Athomewelearntotalkandto__11__andfeedourselves.Welearntheseandotherskillsby__12__．Thenwegotoschool.Ateachertellsus__13__tolearnandhowtolearn.Manyteachersteachus，andwepassmanyexams.Thenpeoplesayweare__14__．Arewereallyeducated？Let's__15__therealmeaningoflearning.Knowingfactsdoesnot__16__beingabletosolveproblems.Solvingproblemsrequirescreativity，notjustagood__17__．Somepeoplewhodon'tknowmany__18__canalsobegoodatsolvingproblems.HenryFordisagood__19__．Heleftschoolattheageof15.Later，whenhiscompanycouldnotbuildcars__20__enough，hesolvedtheproblem.He__21__oftheassemblyline.Todaytheanswerseems__22__．Yet，justthinkofthemanyuniversitygraduateswho__23__solveanyproblems.Whatdoesagoodteacherdo？Doeshe__24__studentsfactstoremember？Well，yes，wemustsometimesrememberfacts.Butagoodteacher__25__howtofindanswers.Hebringsustothestreamofknowledgesowecanthinkforourselves.Whenweare__26__，weknowwheretogo.Truelearningcombinesintakewithoutput.Wetakeinformation__27__ourbrains.Thenweuseit.Thinkofa__28__；itstoresalotofinformation，butitcan'tthink.Itonlyobeyscommands.Apersonwhoonlyremembersfactshasn'treallylearned.Learningtakes__29__onlywhenapersoncanusewhatheknows.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要围绕“学习是怎么一回事”进行了探讨。10．A.monthB．minuteC．timeD．day答案　B　[考查名词辨析。句意：学习从我们一出生就开始了。month意为“月”；minute意为“分钟”；time“时间”；day意为“日，天”。名词短语theminute作连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“一……就……”，符合语境。故选B。]\n11．A.wearB．putonC．haveonD．dress答案　D　[考查动词辨析。句意：在家里，我们学说话、学穿衣、学着自己吃饭。四个选项都有“穿，戴”之意。dress与空后的“ourselves”构成固定搭配，意为“穿衣服”。故选D。]12．A.askingB．listeningC．followingD．drilling答案　C　[考查动词辨析。句意：我们学会这些以及其他的技能都是通过模仿。ask意为“问”；listen意为“听”；follow意为“跟随，模仿”；drill意为“练习”。根据语境和常识可知，说话、吃饭、穿衣都是模仿而学得的。故选C。]13．A.whatB．whenC．thatD．who答案　A　[考查连词辨析。句意：后来我们来到学校，老师告诉我们要学些什么，以及如何学。根据语境和常识可知，学校老师教授学生学习的内容和方法，所谓“传道授业解惑”。故选A。]14．A.controlledB．educatedC．sufferedD．passed答案　B　[考查动词辨析。句意：于是，人们会说我们受过教育。control意为“控制”；educate意为“教育”；suffer意为“遭受，忍受”；pass意为“通过”。根据下句“Arewereallyeducated？”可知，此处表示“受过教育”。故选B。]15．A.pickupB．turnawayC．setoutD．thinkabout答案　D　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：让我们来仔细考虑一下学习的真正意义。pickup意为“拾起，学会”；turnaway意为“转身离开”；setout意为“出发”；thinkabout意为“考虑”。根据语境可知，此处表示“认真考虑、反思”。故选D。]16．A.meanB．sayC．suggestD．show答案　A　[考查动词辨析。句意：知道一些事情并不意味着能够解决问题。mean意为“意味着”；say意为“说”；suggest意为“建议”；show意为“展示”。根据上句中的“therealmeaningoflearning”可知，此处表示“意味着”。故选A。]17．A.wordB．thingC．memoryD．condition答案　C　[考查名词辨析。句意：解决问题要求有创造力，而不仅仅是凭借良好的记忆力。word意为“单词”；thing意为“事情”；memory意为“记忆”；condition意为“条件，状况”。此处与上句中的“Knowing\nfacts”相呼应，表示“良好的记忆力”。故选C。]18．A.peopleB．factsC．techniquesD．ways答案　B　[考查名词辨析。句意：一些并不博学的人也有很好的解决问题的能力。people意为“人”；fact意为“事实”；technique意为“技术”；way意为“方法”。根据上文中的“Knowingfacts”可知，答案选B。]19．A.learnerB．teacherC．exampleD．driver答案　C　[考查名词辨析。句意：HenryFord就是一个很好的例子。learner意为“学习者”；teacher意为“老师”；example意为“例子”；driver意为“司机”。根据上下文语境可知，此处作者举例说明。故选C。]20．A.newB．fastC．beautifulD．cheap答案　B　[考查形容词辨析。句意：后来，当他的公司不能足够快地生产汽车时，他解决了这个问题。new意为“新的”；fast意为“快地”；beautiful意为“漂亮的”；cheap意为“廉价的”。根据下句中的“theassemblyline”可知，生产线大幅度地提高了生产力。由此推知，答案选B。]21．A.complainedB．heardC．talkedD．thought答案　D　[考查动词辨析。句意：他想到了用生产线的方法解决生产率低的问题。complainof意为“抱怨”；hearof意为“听说”；talkof意为“谈起”；thinkof意为“想起”。根据上句中的“hesolvedtheproblem”可知，Ford想到了办法。故选D。]22．A.ordinaryB．strangeC．simpleD．special答案　C　[考查形容词辨析。句意：今天看来，答案相当简单。ordinary意为“普通的”；strange意为“奇怪的”；simple意为“简单的”；special意为“特别的”。根据常识可知，现在这个问题已经不是问题了，相当简单。故选C。]23．A.neverB．almostC．seldomD．ever答案　A　[考查副词辨析。句意：然而，想想许多大学生从来都不曾解决过任何问题吧，这样你就觉得Ford很了不起了。never意为“绝不”；almost意为“几乎”；seldom意为“很少”；ever意为“曾经”。根据本句中“Yet”的转折可知，此处与上文形成强烈对比。故选A。]\n24．A.makeB．understandC．masterD．give答案　D　[考查动词辨析。句意：他会给学生许多事实去记忆吗？make意为“制造，使得”；understand意为“理解”；master意为“掌握”；give意为“给”。根据下句中的“Hebringsustothestreamofknowledge...”可知，此处是指“老师是否呈现一些事实给学生来记忆”。故选D。]25．A.knowsB．showsC．ordersD．encourages答案　B　[考查动词辨析。句意：但是一个好的老师要展示的是如何去寻求答案。know意为“知道”；show意为“展现，显示，向……演示”；order意为“命令”；encourage意为“鼓励”。根据语境和常识可知，一个好的老师所要向学生展示的是学习的方法。故选B。]26．A.thirstyB．tiredC．boredD．free答案　A　[考查形容词辨析。句意：当我们渴的时候，我们知道去哪里寻求水源。thirsty意为“渴的”；tired意为“累的”；bored意为“厌倦的”；free意为“自由的，免费的”。此处与上句比喻中的“thestream”相呼应，指“当我们渴的时候”。故选A。]27．A.ofB．forC．aboutD．into答案　D　[考查介词辨析。句意：我们把信息输入我们的大脑。of意为“……的”；for意为“为了，对于”；about意为“关于”；into意为“进入”。此处与上句中的“intake”相呼应，指“将信息存入大脑”。故选D。]28．A.radioB．computerC．recordD．machine答案　B　[考查名词辨析。句意：就像一台电脑。它能存储很多东西，但是它不能思考。radio意为“收音机”；computer意为“电脑”；record意为“纪录，唱片”；machine意为“机器”。根据下句“itstoresalotofinformation，butitcan'tthink.Itonlyobeyscommands.”可知，此处是拿人脑和电脑作类比。故选B。]29．A.measuresB．notesC．placeD．time答案　C　[考查名词辨析。句意：只有当一个人能够运用他所知道的知识时，学习这个过程才会发生。takemeasures意为“采取措施”；takenotes意为“记笔记”；takeplace意为“发生”；taketime意为“花时间”。takeplace符合语境。故选C。]\nⅣ.书面表达(2022·九江三检)假如你是李华，从报纸上看到中老年英语培训机构Mid－SeniorESCH面向高中毕业生招聘暑期兼职辅导员，负责学员课间服务事项。请根据下面的广告内容用英语写一份求职信。ASSISTANTSWANTEDValuablechancesareopenforhighschoolgraduateswhoaregoodatEnglish.Theirworkistotendtheseniorstudentsduringthebreak.Requirementsattached：1．GoodatEnglish.2．Experiencedpriority.Contactusbye－mail：midesch@163.com.注意：1.词数100左右；2．开头语已为你写好；3．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称；4．可根据情况增减细节，详略得当。DearSir，Iwouldliketoapply_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Dear__Sir，I__would__like__to__applyforthepostofassistantwhichwasadvertisedinthenewspaper.Ifoundthispositionquiteappealingtome.I'vejustgraduatedfromhighschool.LuckilyI'mgoodatEnglishandIcanspeakEnglishfluently.Inaddition，Ihavepreviousexperience.Duringmystayinmiddleschool，Iusedtobeavolunteerandlookedaftertheoldpeopleinanursinghomeonweekends.Inshort，IbelievemyexperienceandfluentoralEnglishwillbeagreathelpformeindoingthework.I'mavailableforinterviewatanytime.ItwouldbeappreciatedifIcangetyouroffer.\nYours，LiHua