第4练　阅读＋完形＋短文改错Ⅰ.阅读理解A体裁：演讲稿　话题：成就梦想　词数：320　时间：7′Mrs.ObamaspoketothegraduatesofMartinLutherKingJr.HighSchoolonSaturdayinheronlyhighschoolcommencement(毕业典礼)speechthisyear.TheceremonytookplaceinthegymnasiumofTennesseeStateUniversity.Thefirstladytoldthe170graduatesthatshespenttoomuchofhertimeincollegefocusingonacademicachievements.Whilehersuccessincollegeandlawschoolledtoagoodjob，shesaid，sheendedupfocusingonpublicservice.“Mymessagetoyoutodayisthatdon'twasteaminutelivingsomeoneelse'sdream，”shesaid.“Ittakesalotofrealworktodiscoverwhatbringsyoujoyandyouwon'tfindwhatyoulovesimplybycheckingmailboxesorsurfingthenet.”ShesaidMLKremindedherofherownhighschoolexperienceinChicago.“MyNo.1goalwastogotoahighschoolthatwouldpushmeandchallengeme，”shesaid.“Iwantedtogosomewherethatwouldcelebrateachievement.Unfortunately，schoolslikethisdon'texistforeverykid，”shesaid.“Youareblessed.”Thefirstladytoldgraduatesthatfailuremaybeapartoftheircollegelivesandcareers，andthathowtheyresponddetermineswhattheywillbecome.“That'swhenyoufindoutwhatyou'rereallymadeofinthosehardtimes，”shesaid.“Butyoucanonlydothatifyou'rewillingtoputyourselfinapositionwhereyoumightfail.”Overcomingdifficultieshasbeenthemarkofmanygreatpeople，shesaid，“Oprahwasdemoted(降职)fromherfirstjobasanewsreporter，andnowshedoesn'tevenneedalastname，”shesaidofmediagiantOprahWinfrey.“Andthenthere'sthisguyBarackObama.Icouldtakeupawholeafternoontalkingabouthisfailures.HelosthisfirstraceforCongress”，thefirstladyjoked，“andnowhegetstocallhimselfmyhusband.”【语篇解读】　本文是一篇美国第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马致毕业生的演讲稿，演讲的主题是不要辜负自己的梦想。\n1．Whenchoosingherhighschool，Mrs.Obama________．A．waswillingtomeetchallengesB．waspushedtomakeachoiceC．failedtofindanidealschoolD．wantedtostudylaw答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“MyNo.1goalwastogotoahighschoolthatwouldpushmeandchallengeme”可知，她乐于面对挑战。故选A。]2．BymentioningOprah'sexample，Mrs.Obamawantedtotellgraduates________．A．tostartasanewsreporterB．toworkhardtogetpromotedC．tobebraveenoughtoriskfailingD．nottowastetimedoingwhattheydislike答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第四段第四句中的“Overcomingdifficultieshasbeenthemarkofmanygreatpeople”可推知，她提到Oprah，是想告诉毕业生们要勇敢地面对失败，失败只是他们大学生活和职业生涯中的一部分。故选C。]3．WhatdoweknowaboutMrs.Obamafromthetext?A．Thiswasthefirsttimeshehadgivenaspeechtograduates.B．Shecomplainedaboutherschoollifeinherspeech.C．SheisagraduateofTennesseeStateUniversity.D．Sheisenthusiasticaboutpublicservice.答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“sheendedupfocusingonpublicservice”可知，D项正确；根据第一段可排除A、C两项；根据第三段可排除B项，米歇尔只是感慨这样的学校并非为每个孩子而存在，并不是抱怨她的高中生活。故选D。]4．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthistext?A．Inapoliticsbook.B．Onanewswebsite.C．Inagraduationpaper.D．OnMrs.Obama'sblog.答案　B　[推理判断题。本文是奥巴马夫人致毕业生的演讲稿，会成为一则热点新闻，所以应出现在新闻网站上。故选B。]\nB体裁：说明文　话题：GPS的功能　词数：365　时间：6′Scientistsknowwhereearthquakesarelikelytotakeplace.Butitisdifficultforthemtopredicthowstronganearthquakewillbe.Now，Americanresearchershavefoundthatitmaybepossibletopredictthestrengthoffuturequakes.TheEarth'scrust(地壳)—theoutermostsurface—ismadeupoflargetectonicplates(地质板块)．Asmanyas20tectonicplatescovertheEarth.Theymoveslowly，sometimesslidingunderoneanother.Wherethathappens，earthquakescantakeplace.TimothyH．DixonisageologistoftheUniversityofSouthFlorida.Heandotherscientistsareusingtheglobalpositioningsystem，orGPStomeasurewhathecalls“slow－slip”events.Bythat，hemeansslow－movingearthquakesthatcannotbemeasuredbyotherinstruments.“They'rethekindofearthquakethatmadethebigJapanearthquakein2022andtheSumatraearthquakeandtsunami(海啸)in2022.Sotheycanbetherealkillers.Sowhatwethinktheseslow－slipeventsaretellingusis，they'relettingoffsteam，sotospeak，inareasofthefault.Andiftheyletoffenoughsteam，thatpartofthefaultwon'trupture．”Themoreofthefaultthatruptures，hesays，themorepowerfultheearthquakeis.ThescientistssetupanumberofGPSreceivers15yearsagoinCostaRicatomeasurethe“slow－slip”events，whichtakeplaceonlyeveryyearortwo.Peoplealwayswanttoknowwhenanearthquakeisgoingtohappen.Thistechnologycannotpredictthat.ButTimothyDixonsaysknowinghowstrongthequakemightgiveofficialstimetoimprovebuildingcodesandmakeotherpreparations.“Youknowtheearthquakeismore－or－lessunavoidable.Evenifyoudon'tknowexactlywhenit'sgoingtohappen，sinceyouknowit'sgoingtohappen，andyouknowhowbigit'sgoingtobe，youcanprepareaccordingly.”【语篇解读】　通过一般的方法只能了解到可能会在哪些地方发生地震，如果用GPS则能预测地震的强度。\n5．Whenwillanearthquakehappenaccordingtothepassage?A．When“slow－slip”platesmeeteachother.B．Whenatectonicplateisunderanother.C．Whentwotectonicplatesmoveatthesamespeed.D．Whentectonicplatesmoveveryslowly.答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段“sometimesslidingunderoneanother.Wherethathappens，earthquakescantakeplace.”可知，当一块地质板块进入到另一块的下面时，地震就发生了。]6．AccordingtoTimothyDixon，“slow－slip”events________．A．canleadtolarge，sometimesdeadlyearthquakesB．takeplaceatanytimeeveryyearinCostaRicaC．meanslowandweakearthquakesD．canneverbeturnedintoearthquakes答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第四段“They'rethekindofearthquakethatmadethebigJapanearthquakein2022andtheSumatraearthquakeandtsunamiin2022.Sotheycanbetherealkillers.”可知，这种慢速的板块运动是2022年日本大地震和2022年苏门答腊地震和海啸发生的原因，它们是真正的杀手。由此可推知，这种慢速的板块运动有时会导致大的、致命的地震。]7．Theunderlinedword“rupture”probablymeans________．A．reduceB．breakC．appearD．advance答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据第五段可知，当这样的板块越……，地震的强度就越大。根据常识可知，地震强度大时，板块破裂的程度就越大。故当有问题的地质板块间释放出的能量越多，这些板块就越不可能发生“破裂”。rupture意为“破裂”。]8．Thepassagemainlywantstotellthereaders________．A．someknowledgeaboutearthquakesB．howtopredictearthquakesC．scientistsarelikelytopredictthestrengthoffuturequakesD．scientistscanpredictwhereearthquakeswillhappenwithGPS\n答案　C　[主旨大意题。第一段即为主题段，根据本段最后一句并结合后面的内容可知，文章旨在告诉读者，今后科学家能够预测地震的强度。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·宝鸡二检)Oneeveningafterreadingastoryentitled“ALady”，Ibegantorecallanimportantmomentinmylife.Itwassimplebutsopreciousthatithas__9__insidemymindforyears.Itwasaverycoldwintereveningwhenafriendofminegotseriously__10__andwasrushedtoWestchesterMedicalCenter，whereshestayedunconsciousforquiteawhile.Finallyshewas__11__．AfriendandIdecidedto__12__her，soweboughtsomeflowersandwereonourway.Afterquicklyparkingthecarandsigningin，wereachedher__13__，butonlyafewminuteswere__14__withher.Prettysoonafterour__15__，wewereaskedtoleavebythenurses.Weheadedouttothecar.__16__didweknowthatwehadtopayforparking.Wehadnomoneyasidefromasparedollarortwo__17__fromourlunchmoneythatday.Wehadnoideawhattodo，soI__18__topaywithwhatevermoneywehad，__19__ofcourse，Iwaswayoff.Averysweet－heartedwomanclearedherthroatandsaid“Excuseme”inordertocatchmy__20__．Shehandedmea$20bill.I__21__thatsheshouldgivemeher__22__andaddressandIwill__23__payherback.Sherefused.Ithankedherforher__24__andtoldherhowmuchitwasappreciated.Sheturnedtomeand__25__withonesentence，“Thankyou；beingabletohelpyoumakesmehappy，too.”HerwordsweresounusualthatIwasvery__26__tohearthat.Whatshedidmightbeconsideredasmallactof__27__，butitissomethingIwillneverforgetbecauseittaughtmethathelpingotherscould__28__boththegiversandthereceivers.【语篇解读】　本文为一篇记叙文。作者无钱付停车费时得到了一个好心人的帮助，表达谢意之后对方的回答让作者感到惊讶，这让作者懂得了“予人玫瑰，手留余香”的道理。9．A.struggledB．remainedC．changedD．recovered答案　B　[根据“soprecious\nthat”可知，它很珍贵，以至于留在作者心里多年。struggle“奋斗”；remain“留下”；change“改变”；recover“恢复”。根据语境，应选B项。]10．A.injuredB．misunderstoodC．punishedD．scolded答案　A　[根据后文中的“whereshestayedunconsciousforquiteawhile”可知，作者的朋友伤(injured)得很重。misunderstand“误解”；punish“惩罚”；scold“责骂”。]11．A.madB．illC．awakeD．asleep答案　C　[根据前文中的“shestayedunconsciousforquiteawhile”及下文作者和朋友决定去看她可知，此处表示她终于醒(awake)了。]12．A.lookB．pityC．findD．visit答案　D　[根据后文中的“soweboughtsomeflowersandwereonourway”可知，作者和一个朋友决定去探望她。visit“拜访，探望”，符合语境。]13．A.roomB．homeC．schoolD．office答案　A　[前文提到作者和一个朋友去探望那个受伤的朋友，后文提到护士要求他们离开，因此他们是去了她的病房。]14．A.countedB．savedC．addedD．allowed答案　D　[根据后文中的“Prettysoonafterour__15__，wewereaskedtoleavebythenurses”可知，作者和朋友只被允许和她在一起待几分钟。allow“允许”，符合语境。]15．A.experienceB．arrivalC．disappearanceD．interview答案　B　[探视时间很短，所以作者和朋友到达病房后很快就被护士请了出来。experience“经历，经验”；arrival“到达”；disappearance“消失”；interview“采访”。故选B项。]16．A.LittleB．ActuallyC．ClearlyD．Much答案　A　[根据“didweknow”可知，此处使用了部分倒装，选项中只有将表示否定意义的词little放于句首才能构成倒装，因此选择A。]17．A.earnedB．leftC．exchangedD．borrowed\n答案　B　[根据前文可知，作者和朋友不知道要付停车费，后文提到他们不知道该怎么办，所以他们除了吃午饭剩下的一两美元外就没钱了。leave“留下，剩下”，符合语境。]18．A.attemptedB．pretendedC．affordedD．continued答案　A　[根据前文中的“Wehadnoideawhattodo”及“so”的因果关系可知，此处表示作者试图(attempted)用所有能拿出来的钱来支付。pretend“假装”；afford“买得起”；continue“继续”。]19．A.becauseB．andC．althoughD．or答案　B　[作者想用所有能拿出来的钱来支付，当然还是差很多。前后为顺承关系，所以选择B。]20．A.smileB．wordC．attentionD．impression答案　C　[根据前文中的“clearedherthroatandsaid‘Excuseme’”可知，对方是想引起作者的注意。catchone'sattention“吸引某人的注意力”。]21．A.insistedB．imaginedC．thoughtD．believed答案　A　[根据语境可知，作者坚持让对方留下联系方式以便以后把钱还给她。insist“坚持”，符合语境。从句中使用了虚拟语气。]22．A.accountB．titleC．contractD．name答案　D　[根据后文中的“andaddressandIwill__23__payherback”可知，作者希望她把姓名(name)和地址留下以便于以后还钱。]23．A.probablyB．certainlyC．publiclyD．honestly答案　B　[作者很感激对方，说将来一定(certainly)要把钱还给她。probably“可能”；publicly“公开地”；honestly“诚实地”。]24．A.publicityB．loyaltyC．generosityD．creativity\n答案　C　[对方递给了作者20美元，帮助作者付了停车费，因此作者感谢她的慷慨相助。publicity“公开，宣传”；loyalty“忠诚”；generosity“慷慨”；creativity“创造，创造力”。故选C项。]25．A.startedB．shoutedC．followedD．replied答案　D　[此处指对方用一句话回答了作者。reply“回答，回应”。]26．A.frightenedB．anxiousC．surprisedD．calm答案　C　[根据对方的话以及“sounusual”可知，作者感到吃惊。frightened“害怕的”；anxious“焦虑的”；surprised“吃惊的”；calm“平静的”。故选C项。]27．A.respectB．orderC．kindnessD．belief答案　C　[她的做法可能被认为是小的善举，因此选择C。respect“尊敬”；order“命令”；kindness“善良，善举”；belief“信仰”。]28．A.protectB．attractC．directD．benefit答案　D　[此处指帮助别人能使给予帮助和受到帮助的人都受益。protect“保护”；attract“吸引”；direct“指挥”；benefit“有益于”。故选D项。]Ⅲ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Thesummerholidayiscoming.IamgoingtodomuchthingsthatIwanttodo.Forexamples，firstlyIwilljoinasoccerclub，becauseIlikeplayingthesoccer.Duringthisholiday，Iwanttopracticemoreimprovemyskills.SecondlyIwillgotoseemygrandma，whichImissverymuch.BecauseIwanttostaywithhimforseveraldays.LastlyIwillhelpmymotherdosomehousework.Shehasbeenreallytiringduringmyschooldays.Besidestakingcareofme，shealsohadtoworkinafactory.Therefore，helpheronholidayiswhatIwanttodomost.答案　\nThesummerholidayiscoming.IamgoingtodothingsthatIwanttodo.For，firstlyIwilljoinasoccerclub，becauseIlikeplayingsoccer.Duringthisholiday，Iwanttopracticemoreimprovemyskills.SecondlyIwillgotoseemygrandma，Imissverymuch.Iwanttostaywithforseveraldays.LastlyIwillhelpmymotherdosomehousework.Shehasbeenreallyduringmyschooldays.Besidestakingcareofme，shealsotoworkinafactory.Therefore，heronholidayiswhatIwanttodomost.