第15练　阅读＋七选五＋语法填空＋短文改错Ⅰ.阅读理解A体裁：记叙文　话题：动物世界　词数：330　时间：7′Tropicalfishhobbyistswilltellyoutheirtanksareasourceofrelaxation，butrecentresearchsuggeststhefishmightdisagree.ManyAmericanhouseholdscontainafishtank，whoseaveragesizeislessthan10gallons.Yetastudycomparingthebehaviorofcommonfreshwaterfishfoundthatthosekeptinsuchsmalltanksweremoreaggressivethanthoseinlargeronesandweremorelikelytofight.“Ifpeoplekeptdogsintheseconditions，they'dbeputinprison，”saidtheauthor，RonaldOldfield.“Inlargertanks，thefishwerenotincontinuouseyesightofeachother.Theywereswimmingaround，checkingeverythingoutratherthanbeatingeachother，”headded.“It'ssomethingweshouldthinkabout.”Thestudyconsistedoftwoexperiments.Inone，Dr.Oldfieldtestedtheeffectsofovercrowdingbykeepingtanksizeconstant(不变)whileincreasingthenumberoffish.Intheother，hetestedenvironmentbyplacingthreefishintanksofdifferentsizes.Hethenrecordedtheirbehavioratleasttwohoursafterfeeding，toeliminate(排除)competitivebehaviorsrelatedtofood.Whileaggressionseemedtoremainconstantregardlessofthenumberoffishinatank，itdroppedoffconsiderablyoncethefishwereplacedina100－gallontankwithseveralplantsandrockstoformshelters.ThefindingsconfirmedwhathefoundwhenobservingMidasinthewild.“Ifyougooutandobservethesefishswimminginariver，”hesaid，“they'renotaggressiveatall，really.”ThisconclusionisnotnewstoJustinMuir，theownerofafishtankbusiness.“Morevolumeofwaterisalwaysbetter.Itkeepsthefishhealthier，andthetankismorestable.”\n【语篇解读】　本文叙述了热带鱼的生活习性。当它们的生活空间越小时，它们的侵略性就越强；反之，如果生活空间越大，侵略性越小。1．Wecanconcludefromthestudythat________．A．thefishinsmallriversaremorelikelytofightthanthoseinlargeronesB．ifyoukeepfishintanksoflessthan10gallons，you'llbeputintoprisonC．peoplehaven'tpaidenoughattentiontothefeelingoffishinsmallertanksD．thefishinthewildaremoreaggressivethanthosekeptintanks答案　C　[推理判断题。由第二段和第三段内容可知，人们大多把鱼养在小的鱼缸里，故选C项。A项中讲的是河流，而全文讲的是鱼缸，故A项错误；由第三段第一句可知B项错误；由全文特别是最后一段可知D项错误。]2．Howwasthefirstexperimentperformed?A．Byputtingmoreandmorefishinthesametank.B．Byputtingfishintanksofdifferentsizes.C．Byputtingsomefoodtotestthebehavioroffish.D．Byputtingfishinatankwithplantsandrocks.答案　A　[细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知答案。]3．Thetwoexperimentsprovethat________．A．foodcompetitionresultsintheaggressivebehavioroffishB．fishbecomemoreaggressiveasmorefishareputintoatankC．crowdingisthemaincauseoftheaggressivebehavioroffishD．fishbecomelessaggressivewhenplacedina100－gallontank答案　D　[推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句可知，如果把鱼放在100加仑的鱼缸里，它们会停止攻击，故选D项。A项太片面；由倒数第二段最后一句可排除B、C两项。]4．Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________．A．Animals'RighttoLiveatEaseB．PictureofRelaxationOnlyIfYou'reNotInsideC．HowtoKeepTropicalFishasPetsD．HowtoDealwithFish'sAggressiveBehavior答案　B　[主旨大意题。由短文内容可知，作者主要告诉我们鱼缸的大小决定鱼生活得是否舒适、侵略性的大小，故选B项。]B\n体裁：说明文　话题：青少年成长　词数：300　时间：7′Teenagerswhositdowntofamilymealsarelesslikelytobedepressedortakeriskswithdrugsandalcohol，newresearchshows.Anewstudylookingattheroleoffamilymealsinthehealthandwell－beingofyoungpeopleisthefirststudyontheissueinNewZealand.Itusesdatacollectednationallyfrommorethan9，000secondaryschoolpupils.Itfindsthatthosewhoeatwiththeirfamiliesfrequentlyarelesslikelytoreportsuicidal(自杀的)thoughts，lesslikelytobesmokersandlesslikelytoindulge__indrinking，drugsandsoon.Itsayssocialchangessuchasmoretelevisionchannels，moremothersworkingandcheapfastfoodhavechangedthestatusofthefamilymeal.However，thegoodnewsforNewZealandisthatone－thirdofyoungpeoplereportedsharingmealswiththeirfamiliessevenormoretimesaweekandanadditional40percentsharedmealsthreetosixtimesaweek.AuthorJenniferUtter，aseniorlectureratAucklandUniversity，saidsittingdownfordinnercreatedanopportunityforparentstocheckinwithchildrenandseehowtheirdayhadbeen.Youngpeoplewhoatewiththeirparentsreportedbetterconnectednessandbettercommunication.Familymealsindicatestrong，healthyrelationships.Thehighproportionoffamilieseatingtogetherwasencouraging，shesaid.“Alotoffamiliesdoseemtowanttospendtimetogether.It'sareallypositivefinding.”Previouslyahouseholdwouldhaveonlyonebreadwinnerandtherewouldalwaysbesomeoneathomeforchildrentotalkto.Nowadays，itoftentooktheincomeoftwopeopletokeepthefamilyafloat(能维持下去)anditwouldbeharderforparentstohavedinnerwiththeirchildren.ChieffamiliescommissionerCarlDavidsonsaidteenswhoatemealswiththeirfamiliesreportedbetterhealth，andwerelesslikelytobedepressed.“Weprobablyallknowthateatingtogetherisworthwhile，butthisresearchshowsthatthosesharedmealsaren'tjustnicetohavebutareactuallyafundamentalcontributortofamilywell－being.”【语篇解读】　新的研究表明：能经常与家人共同进餐的青少年患抑郁症或酗酒、吸毒的可能性小，而且他们也具有较好的沟通、交流能力。\n5．Whyisitmoredifficultforparentstohavedinnerwiththeirchildren?A．Becausechildrenarebusywiththeirstudy.B．Becauseeatingasfamilycanmakethemputonweight.C．Becausethemealscookedathomearenotasdeliciousasfastfood.D．Becauseparentshavetoearnmoneytosupportthewholefamily.答案　D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中．..itoftentooktheincomeoftwopeopletokeepthefamilyafloatanditwouldbeharderforparentstohavedinnerwiththeirchildren.可知D项正确。]6．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“indulgein”inParagraph2probablymean?A．betiredofB．befitforC．beaddictedtoD．becontentwith答案　C　[词义猜测题。betiredof意为“对……厌倦”；befitfor意为“适合”；beaddictedto意为“对……上瘾”；becontentwith意为“对……满意”。根据上文的arelesslikelytoreportsuicidalthoughts，lesslikelytobesmokersand...可知C项正确。]7．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．EatingasFamilyAidsTeens'Health.B．EatingasFamilyHelpsTeensLoseWeight.C．EatingasFamilySavesMuchEnergy.D．EatingasFamilyBenefitsParents.答案　A　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文旨在告诉读者：与家人共同进餐有益于青少年的身心健康，故A项正确。]Ⅱ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Faces，likefingerprints，areunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeople？__8__Yetaveryyoungchild—orevenananimal，suchasapigeon—canearntorecognizefaces.Wealltakethisforgranted.__9__Whenwetalkaboutsomeone'spersonality，wemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheacts，speaks，thinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers.\nLikethehumanface，humanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone's，personalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.__10__Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea“niceperson”，youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskind，considerate，friendly，warm，andsoforth.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinks，feelsandacts.GordonAllport，anAmericanpsychologist，foundnearly18，000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople'sbehavior.__11__Bookworms，conservatives，militarytypes—peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.Peoplehavealwaystriedto“type”eachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain'sorthehero'srole.Infact，thewords“person”and“personality”comefromtheLatinpersona，meaning“mask”．Today，mosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.__12__A．Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata“niceface”looklike，youprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.B．Butwecaneasilytellthe“goodguys”fromthe“badbuys”becausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.C．Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.D．Peoplehavedifficultyindescribingthefeaturesoffingerprints.E．Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribing，ortypinghispersonality.F．Expertssaythatactorsdifferintheirbehavioralandphysicalcharacteristicsinacting.G．Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.答案　8.G　9.C　10.A　11.E　12.BⅢ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。W：Jack，howhaveyourtwosonsbeendoingatschoolrecently?M：Don'task！Markneverstartsstudying，andJasonneverstops__13__(study)．W：You'rejoking！IhearthatJasonislikely__14__(be)atthetopofhisclassafterexamsthisyear.\nM：Yes，sohisteacherssay.He__15__(work)veryhardathisbookseveryeveningformonthsonendrecently.Heishopingto__16__HarvardUniversity.W：Great.Maybehe'llbecomeauniversityprofessor__17__(he)inthefuture.M：Maybe.__18__sometimesIwishhe'dgooutandenjoyhimself__19__achange.W：Yes...Whatabouttheyoungerone?M：Well，Mark'steacherssayhehasability，buthe__20__(rare)doeshisbest.Hedoeshishomeworkintenminuteseverydayandthen__21__(rush)outtoplayfootball.W：Perhapshecanmakehisfortuneatfootball.Peoplecanmakeplentyofmoneyfromsportsnow.M：Mywifealwaysworriesabouthisfuture.W：Perhapsyoucanhaveatalkwithhimnowtofindout__22__heisthinkingabouthisstudiesandfutureplans.M：Goodidea.I'lltakeyouradvice.【语篇解读】　这是一段对话，对话围绕Jack的两个孩子的学习情况展开，一个爱学习，一个爱玩。13．studying　[考查动名词。固定短语stopdoingsth“停止做某事”，符合语境。]14．tobe　[考查固定短语。belikelytodosth为固定短语。]15．hasbeenworking　[考查现在完成进行时。根据时间状语“everyeveningformonthsonendrecently”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，故用hasbeenworking。]16．attend/enter　[考查动词短语。表示“上大学”可以用动词attend或enter。]17．himself　[考查反身代词。或许将来他自己会成为一位大学教授。此处用反身代词himself，表示“他自己”。]18．But　[考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应用转折连词But。]19．for　[考查介词。句意：但是有时候“我”希望他能出去玩得开心，改变一下。forachange意为“改变一下”，为固定短语，符合语境。]20．rarely　[考查副词。句意：Mark的老师说他有能力，但是他很少尽他最大的努力。此处用副词rarely“很少”修饰动词。]\n21．rushes　[考查一般现在时。句意：他每天花十分钟做他的家庭作业，然后冲出去踢足球。此处and连接两个并列谓语动词does和rushes。]22．what　[考查宾语从句。句意：或许你现在可以和他谈谈，弄清楚他对于学习和未来是如何想的。分析句子成分可知，在该宾语从句中，thinking缺少宾语，故用what引导。]Ⅳ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线(—)，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2022·陕西二检)LastmonthIwenttovisitasmallfarm，andduringthevisitIseeafarmerfeedingpigsinaunusualmanner.Thefarmerwouldliftapiguptoanearbyapplestree，andthepigwouldeattheapplesoffthetreedirect.Thatis，thefarmerwouldmovethepigfromoneappletotheanotheruntilthepigwassatisfying，andthenhewouldstartagainwithanotherpig.Iwatchedthisactivityforsometimewithgreatsurprised.Finally，Icouldn'thelpsayingtothefarmer，“ThisistheworstmethodoffeedingpigswhichIcanimagine.Justthinkofthetimethatwouldsavedifyousimplyshooktheapplesoffthetreeandletthepigseatitfromtheground！”Thefarmerlookedpuzzledandreplied，“What'stimetoapig？”答案　LastmonthIwenttovisitasmallfarm，andduringthevisitIafarmerfeedingpigsinunusualmanner.Thefarmerwouldliftapiguptoanearbytree，andthepigwouldeattheapplesoffthetree.Thatis，thefarmerwouldmovethepigfromoneappletoanotheruntilthepigwas，andthen\nhewouldstartagainwithanotherpig.Iwatchedthisactivityforsometimewithgreat.Finally，Icouldn'thelpsayingtothefarmer，“ThisistheworstmethodoffeedingpigsIcanimagine.Justthinkofthetimethatwouldsavedifyousimplyshooktheapplesoffthetreeandletthepigseatfromtheground！”Thefarmerlookedpuzzledandreplied，“What'stimetoapig？”