高中英语人教新课标版必修一教案:(Unit2 English around the world the 1st period)
doc
2023-02-11 16:12:44
7页
Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldTheFirstPeriod●从容说课Thisisthefirstperiodofthisunit.Thisperiodfocusesonreading.Inthislesson,thereareawarmingupandapassageofreading“TheRoadToModernEnglish”.Thiswarmingupattractsstudents’attentiontothephenomenonofworldEnglish.ThereadingpassagetellsusthepresentsituationinwhichEnglishisusedandthedevelopmentofEnglish.ToletstudentstoformagoodhabitofreadingandhaveproperreadingstrategiesareoneofthemaintasksforseniormiddleschoolEnglishteaching,sointhisperiod,weshouldteachaccordingtothisaim.Inthislesson,studentswillhaveageneralideaoftheconceptionofworldEnglishbyguessingsomewordsonAmericanEnglishandBritainEnglish.Toarousestudents’interest,I’llpresentthemsometypicalfunnystoriesaboutdifferentkindsofEnglish.Thisistogetthestudentsreadyforthereadingpart.Beforereadingthepassage,studentsshouldfirstgetfamiliarwiththenewwordsinthetexttoremovethebarrierinreading.Thenstudentsareaskedtoguesswhatthetextwilltellus.Thisstepisdesignedtotrainstudentsabilitytopredictthecontentofapassageaccordingthetitle.Thenextstepistoaskstudentstohaveageneralideaofthestructureofthetextwiththepurposeofimprovingtheskillofskimming.Afterthat,detailedreadingfollows.Inthestep,studentswillbeaskedtodealwiththepassageparagraphbyparagraphinwhichtheywillhavedifferenttaskstofinishsuchastrue-or-falseexercise,fillingaformwithinformationinthetextandretelling.Thissteptrainsstudents’scanningskillandconclusionskill.Thelaststepforstudentsistodiscussthetopic“ItisnotnecessaryforweChinesetolearnEnglishsincewehaveourownelegantlanguage”.Thisistotrainstudentstoreadcritically.Besides,itcanarousestudents’interestinlearningEnglish.●三维目标1.Knowledge:MasterthewordsandphrasesandgetaviewoftheroadtomodernEnglish.2.Ability:Trainstudents’readingskill.3.Emotion:LetstudentsknowmoreaboutEnglishandinspirestudentstostudyEnglishhard.●教学重点Theunderstandingandcomprehensionofthepassage.●教学难点(1)Howtogettomastertheusefulwordsandexpressions.(2)Howtoimprovestudents’abilitytoreadanarticle.●教具准备cassetterecorder,somepiecesofslide●教学过程Step1GreetingsT:Goodmorning,boysandgirls!S:Goodmorning,teacher!,Step2WarmingupT:Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.DoyouknowinwhichcountriesEnglishisspokenastheirnativelanguage?Sa:TheUS,theUK,Australia,Canada...T:(aslide:Nancy:Oh,thereyouare.Nowthen,didyouhaveagoodflight?Joe:Sure,weflewallthewaydirectfromSeattletoLondon.Nancy:Youmustbeverytired.Didyousleepatallontheplane?Joe:No,notreally.I’mverytired.CouldIuseyourbathroom?Nancy:Why,ofcourse.Youdon’tneedtoask,justmakeyourselfathome.Letmegiveyouacleantowel.Joe:Atowel?Nancy:Yes.Hereyouare.Thebathroomisupstairs.It’stheseconddoorontheleft.(Afterawhile)Nancy:Haveyoufoundit?Joe:Well,eh,yes,Imeanno.Imean,Ifoundthebathroom,butIdidn’tfindwhatIwaslookingfor!)Hereisashortdialogue.Readitanddiscusswithyourpartner:WhatisitthatJoecan’tfindinthebathroom?Whycan’thefindit?Sb:Itisthetoilet.T:Andwhy?Sc:PerhapswhenJoesays“bathroom”,hemeansaplace,wherethereisatoilet.ButinNancy’seyes,itisaplacewherepeoplecanonlyhaveabath.T:Youareright.Doyouknowwhythere’samisunderstandingbetweenthem?Sd:BecausetheyspeakdifferentkindsofEnglish.T:Great.There’smorethanonekindofEnglishintheworld.Insomeimportantwaysthey’redifferent.They’recalledworldEnglish.Canyouguesswhattheyinclude?Se:Canadian,British,American,AustralianandIndianEnglish.T:Right.SoyouknoweventwonativespeakersofEnglishmaystillnotspeakthesamekindofEnglish.LookattheexamplesonP9.NowtrytoguesswhichofthefollowingwordsareBritishEnglishandwhichareAmericanEnglish.Suggestedanswers:Am.English:mom;onateam;rubber;gasBr.English:mum;inateam;eraser;petrolStep3NewWordsT:Fromtodayon,we’lllearnsomethingaboutEnglisharoundtheworld.Firstofall,let’sgetfamiliarwiththenewwords.YesterdayIaskedyoutoreadthenewwordsandlookupthemeaningofthem.Nowlet’shaveagameinwhichoneofyoutellsusthemeaningortheexplanationofthewordsandtheothersguesswhichworditis.Let’sgo!Suggestedexplanation:1.include:havesomethingorsomebodyasoneofagroup.e.g.:ThetourincludedavisittotheScienceMuseum.2.playarolein:haveapartin3.international:connectedwithtwoormorecountries4.native:(1)connectedwiththeplacewhereyouhavealwayslivedorhavelivedforalongtime(2)apersonwholivesinaparticularplace,especiallysb.whohaslivedtherealongtime5.elevator:lift,6.flat:(1)havingasmoothsurface(2)(Br.E)asetofroomsforlivingin7.apartment:(Am.E)asetofroomsforlivingin8.modern:ofthepresenttimeorrecenttime9.comeup:tomovetoward10.culture:thecustomsandbeliefs,art,wayoflifeandsocialorganizationofaparticularcountryorgroup11.actually:really;infact12.present:(1)existingorhappeningnow(2)beinginaparticularplace13.rule:control14.vocabulary:allthephrasesandphrasesyoulearn15.usage:thewayinwhichwordsareusedinalanguage16.identity:whoorwhatsb./sth.is17.government:thegroupofpeoplewhoareresponsibleforcontrollingacountryorastate18.rapidly:fastT:That’sgreat!You’vemadeagoodpreparation.Nowpleasereadthewordstogether.(showwordsandexplanationsontheslide)Step4Pre-readingT:Justnow,we’veknownthatthere’remanykindsofEnglishintheworld.Thenwhyaretheresomanykinds?Ss:Wedon’tknow.T:Anyway,we’llfindoutthecausetoday.Nowreadthetitleofthepassage“theroadtomodernEnglish”.Whatdoyouthinkitwilltellus?Sf:IguessitwilltellusthedevelopmentofEnglish.Step5SkimmingT:Nowlet’sfindoutwhetheryouranswerisright.Sopleasereadthepassagefastinsilenceandfindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.Suggestedanswer:Para.1:BriefintroductionofthechangeinEnglish.Para.2:AnexampleofdifferentkindsofEnglish.Para.3:ThedevelopmentofEnglish.Para.4:Englishspokeninsomeothercountries.Step6ScanningT:You’vemasteredthestructureofthepassage.Nowpleasereadpara.1and2loudindetail.T:(severalminuteslater)Haveyoufinished?Here’resomestatementsofwhichsomearerightwhilesomenot.Readthemandthentellwhethertheyaretrueorfalse.Iffalse,pleasefindoutthemistakeandcorrectit.(slides:1.MostoftheEnglishspeakersinthe16thcenturylivedinEngland.2.MoreandmorepeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstor2ndlanguage.3.TheUShasthelargestnumberofEnglishspeakers.4.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeverythingbecausetheyspeakthesamekindofEnglish.)Sg:Thefirstoneistrue.Sh:Thesecondoneistrue.Si:Thethirdoneisfalse.ChinahasthelargestnumberofEnglishspeakers.Sj:Thefourthoneisfalse.NativeEnglishspeakersmaynotbeabletounderstandeverythingbecausetheydonotspeakthesamekindofEnglish.,T:Youdidaverygoodjob.Nowpleasereadpara.3afterthetape.Andthenfillintheformonthescreen.TheRoadToModernEnglishThecause:CulturescommunicatewithoneanotherTimeThingsthathappenedBetweenAD450and1150BasedonGerman1150to1500LesslikeGerman;morelikeFrench→why?→becauseFrenchmenruledEnglandthenInthe1600’sShakespearebroadenedthevocabulary.AbigchangeinEnglish,givingitsownidentity→why?→causedby“AmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishlanguage”writtenbyNoahWebsterLaterBritishpeoplebroughtEnglishtoAustraliaT:WeknowculturecommunicationbringsaboutchangesinEnglish.CanyouthinkofanyeffectthatChinesehasonEnglish?Sk:InEnglishtherearesomeChinesewordssuchasgongfu,longtimenosee,...T:Great!Withmorecloselycommunicationofculture,Englishischangingmorefrequently.T:Asweallknow,Englishisspokenasthenativelanguagemostlyinwesterncountries.ThenwhataboutEnglishinsomeotherpartsoftheworld?Afterreadingthelastparagraph,wouldyoupleasesaysomethingaboutthepresentsituationofEnglishinyourownwords?Sl:Itisalsospokenasaforeignor2ndlanguageinmanyothercountries.Forexample,inIndia,itisusedforgovernmentandeducation.InsomeAfricanandAsiancountries,itisalsospoken,suchasinSouthAfrica,SingaporeandMalaysia.WhileinChina,thenumberofEnglishspeakersisincreasingfast.T:Quitegood.Step7DiscussionT:Sofar,we’veknownthatEnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinChina.IthasbeenanimportantsubjectforChinesestudents.ButsomeonesaythatChineseisamuchmoreelegantlanguage.Soitismoreimportantforustomasteritanditisnotsonecessaryforustomasteraforeignlanguage.Doyouagreewiththisopinionandwhy?Suggestedanswer:Idon’tagreewithit.Withtheculturalcommunicationbecomingmoreandmorefrequent,thechancetocontactforeigners,exportedgoods,internationalconferences,andsoon,ismoreandmore.Asthemostwidelyusedlanguage,Englishisregardedasthelanguageusedinmostinternationalsituations.Thus,ifwewanttokeepupwiththetimes,we’dbettermasterEnglishanduseitasatool.Step8SummaryandhomeworkT:Todaywe’velearnedanarticleon“theroadtomodernEnglish”.Afterclass,youshouldreaditagainandagaintogettheideaofthetextfurther.DotheexercisesofcomprehendingandtrytotellyourpartnersomethingaboutEnglishinourownwords.That’sallfortoday.Classisover.●板书设计Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldTheFirstPeriodNewwords:Mainideaofeachpara-graph:,............●活动与探究ThisactivityistomakeresearchintodifferencesbetweendifferentkindsofworldEnglishandsomewordsfromotherlanguagesinEnglish.Dividestudentsintotwogroupstodoresearchandfillthefollowingtableintheirfreetime.DifferencesPronunciationSpellingMeaningUsage...WordsfromotherlanguagesChineseJapaneseFrenchSpanishGerman...●备课资料SoonThereWillBeNoSuchThingAs“Wrong”EnglishInthisarticle:SeniorIndianjournalistGautamanBhaskaransaysthatEnglishissoflexiblethatonedaytherewillbetoomanyvariationsaroundtheworld.Englishisavictimofitsownsuccess.TheotherdayTheTimesinLondondisplayedacartoonshowinganexcitedschoolboyflauntinghistestscores:“IdonegoodinEnglish.”Dayslater,editorsoftheOxfordDictionaryofEnglishruedthespreadofwhattheytermed“greengrocer’sEnglish”.Grammarandsyntax,theyregretted,weregoingoutoffashion.OthersinEngland—intheOxfordUniversityPress,theBBCandsoon—saidtheincorrectuseofclichesweremarringthesmoothflowofagreatlanguagewhoseabilitytoimbibeandabsorbhasbeenoneimportantreasonforitssuccess.Thissuccessalsostemsfromthelanguage’suniquepositionofbeingtheonlyonespokeninmostpartsoftheworld.Really,Englishhasnoboundaries.EvenincountriessuchasJapanandChina,whichwerenotcolonizedbyBritain,Englishismakingadetermined“conquest”.Unfortunately,suchaconquestisnotalwayswelcomebecausealanguagesometimesdoublesasapoliticalweapon.AtsomepointitceasestobejustameansofcommunicationandEnglishisaclassicexampleofthis.Ithasalwaysledatroubledlife.Ithasbeendisliked,evenhated,largelybecausethepeoplewhooriginallyspokeEnglishconquered,colonizedandterrorizedhalftheworld,orjustabout.Theanimositytothelanguagecontinues,atleastinsomeplaces.ThebitternessthattheFrench,forinstance,haveforEnglishisagoodexampleofalanguagebeinggivingaquasi-politicalroleinsociety.Fortunately,thisaversiondoesnotrunasitdidsomeyearsago,andthereisagrowingrealizationthatEnglishisthelinguafranca.ChinaandJapan,amongahostofothernations,havebeenmakingseriouseffortstopromotethelanguage.SomemonthsagotherewasahueandcryinSingaporeoverthespreadof“terribleEnglish”whichtheauthoritiescalled“Singlish”.“Downwithit!”theysaid,andurgedSingaporeanstolearncorrectEnglish,thephenomenalflexibilityofwhichhasoftenmadethingsdifficultforthosewhohavetouseiteveryday.,Todayevenuniversitygraduatesfindithardtopenacoupleofcorrectsentencesinit.Morehorrifyingisthatmanyteachersanduniversityvice-chancellorsspeakandwritepoorandungrammaticalEnglish.Often,theyarefoundtobeoutoftouchwithwhatiscalled“usage”and,asweallknow,thisisoneofthepillarsthelanguagerestson.Yet,despitethemessthatEnglishisinIndia,thenationhas—morethantwocenturiesafterSamuelJohnsonwrotehisEnglishdictionary—becomethehottestdestinationfortoplexicographers.Thenew10threvisededitionoftheOxfordConciseEnglishDictionaryincludeshundredsofIndianwords.Leadingthelistof600IndianEnglishentriesare“Hindutva”(Hinduidentity),“dada”(olderbrother),“panchayat”(localadministration),“chai”(tea),“pani”(water),“puri”(adishmadeofwheat)and“dosa”(ricepancake).Infact,Indianwordsfrom20percentofentriesandrankasthethird-largestcomponentafterAmericanandAustralianEnglishsegments.OtherformerBritishcoloniessuchasNewZealand,SouthAfricaandtheCaribbeanislandsfollowtheIndianEnglishcollectionofwords.English,despiteitshiccups,isendearingtothecommonIndianmanorwoman.About150yearsafterLordMacaulayintroducedthelanguageinIndiatocreate“babus”(clerks)fortheBritishbureaucracy,70millionIndiansspeakEnglish,anumberthatishigherthanthatinBritain.However,thereisasneakingfearamongPuritansthatwiththiskindofspread,EnglishmaystopbeingEnglish.WhiletheFrenchhavefanaticallypreservedthepurityoftheirlanguage,theEnglishhaveliberallyallowedotherinfluencestoaffecttheirlingo.So,whatisseenasitsstrength—thefactthatpeopleallovertheworldunderstandit—canbeanunderminingobstacle.TheremightbeaseriousproblemifeverystateorcontinentweretohaveitsownversionofEnglish.Asonewritersaid:“Thereisariskinrelentlessatomization.”Withtoomanyvariationsofthelanguage,atimemaycomewhenonegroupofEnglish-speakingpeoplemaynotbeabletounderstandanother.Thisishappening.HearthewaySingaporeansspeakEnglish.ListentotheAustralianspronouncing“e”;itsoundslike“a”.AfewofthefilmsmadelatelybyBritishdirectorsKenLoachandMikeLeighhadtohavesubtitlesinEnglish.AccentsinthenorthofBritaincanbehardforpeopleinthesouthtounderstand,letalonethoseoutsidetheisland.Thepointis,nolanguagemustbeallowedsuchflexibility—anythinggoesinthenameoffunctionalcommunication—thatpeoplebegintotakelibertieswithit.Ultimately,theremaybenosuchthingaswrongEnglish.TheschoolboyintheTimescartoonwasdoingjustthat.HeknewnobodywouldscoldhimforgettinghisEnglishwrong.不久以后就没有“错误的”英语这一说了英语成了自身成功的牺牲品,前几天,伦敦的《泰晤士报》刊登了一幅漫画,上面画了一个兴高采烈的男学生炫耀他的考试成绩:“IdonegoodinEnglish”(我的英语成绩不错)。几天后,《牛津英语词典》的编辑们对他们所定义的“菜贩子讲的英语”的传播大为悲叹。他们感到遗憾的是,语法和句法都过时了。其他一些在英国——牛津大学出版社、BBC(英国广播公司)等的人说:不正确地使用陈腐辞藻损害着一种伟大语言的流畅性,英语博采众长的能力是其成功的一个重要原因。英语的成功同样源自其独特的地位,它是在世界的大多数地区都使用的惟一一门语言。的确,英语没有国界。甚至在没有被英国所殖民过的国家,诸如中国和日本,英语正进行着决定性的“征服”。不幸的是,这种征服不总是受到欢迎,因为一种语言有时会被兼作政治武器。有时候,语言不再仅仅是一种沟通的工具,而英语又是这种情况的一个经典范例。,英语总是摆脱不掉困扰。它曾不受人喜欢,甚至遭人厌恶过。主要是因为最初讲英语的人征服、殖民和胁迫了世界的一半地区,或者说将近一半地区。对英语的敌意还在持续着,至少在某些地方仍是这样。语言在社会中被赋予了一种准政治的作用,比如法国人对英语的嫉恨就是一个很好的例子。幸运的是,这种对英语的厌恶不像多年前那么严重,人们越来越认识到英语其实是一种混合语。在众多国家,比如中国和日本,一直在大力推广英语的使用。几个月前在新加坡,人们大声抗议被当局称作“新加坡式英语”的“可怕的英语”正在到处传播。“够了!”他们说道,并督促新加坡人学习正确的英语。对于那些每天都必须使用英语的人来说,英语异常的灵活性经常把事情搞得很困难。现在,即使是大学毕业生都会发现写几句正确的英文句子很难。更可怕的是,许多教师和大学副校长说着和写着糟糕的不合语法的英语。人们经常会发现这些人不注重语言的“用法”,正如我们都知道的,用法是语言的支柱之一。然而,尽管英语在印度被搞得一团糟,在塞谬尔·约翰逊编写了他的英语字典两个多世纪以后,这个国家已经成为顶级词典编纂者们最热门的词汇来源地。《牛津简明英语词典》新近出版的第十修订版收录了几百个印度词汇。在600条印度英语词条中最重要的词汇是“Hindutva”(印度身份),“dada”(长兄),“panchayat”(地方行政机关),“chai”(茶),“pani”(水),“puri”(用小麦做的食品),以及“dosa”(烤米饼)。实际上,印度词汇构成了20%的词条并且在美国和澳大利亚英语条目之后,成为第三大词典词汇组成部分。从其他前英国殖民地,比如新西兰、南非和加勒比海群岛所收录的词汇都位居印度英语之后。普通的印度人都还是喜欢英语的,尽管有时会有些小问题。麦考利勋爵将英语引入到印度并为英国官僚机构创造了像“babus”(职员)这样的词汇,150年之后,有7000万的印度人在讲英语,人数比在英国讲英语的人都要多。然而,清教徒却普遍心存恐惧,怕如此下去英语会变得面目全非了。与法国人狂热地保护法语纯洁性的做法不同,英国人很大方地接受了外界对其影响。结果是,世界各地的人都懂英语——可以说这一优势削弱了英语的纯洁性。如果每个国家或大陆都有其版本的英语的话,那么问题可能就严重了。正如一位作家所说的:“无休止使英语分化是危险的。”英语如果有太多的变种的话,会出现这样的情况:当一群讲英语的人可能听不懂另一群人所讲的英语。这种情况事实上正在发生。您来听听新加坡人说的英语。听澳大利亚人发“e”这个音的;听起来就像发“a”这个音。最近由英国导演肯·露弛和麦克·雷导演的几部电影中不得不加上了英语字幕,因为英国北部人的口音让英国南方的人很难听懂,更不用说英国以外的人了。问题的关键是,没有什么语言可以允许有如此的灵活性——以至于人们借实际沟通之名,就可以随意使用了。最终的结果是:可能不会有错误的英语这回事了。在《泰晤士报》卡通中的男学生正是这么做的。因为他清楚没有人会指责他所讲的英语不正确。