Period3　ListeningandSpeakingTheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisisthethirdperiodofthisunit.Atthebeginningofthisperiod,theteachershoulddesignsomeexercisestoreviewwhatthestudentslearnedinthelastperiod.ThesecondperiodcentersontheunderstandingofthepassageFirstImpression.Theteachercanbeginwithaskingsomequestionsorhavingacompetitiontomakesomesentenceswith“firstimpressions”accordingtothepassage.Thisperiodmainlydealswithlisteningandspeaking.Atthebeginning,teachersfocusontrainingtheSs’listening.Thislisteningcontentisaboutlivingin“Wonderworld”andanewkindofquilt,whichXiaoFenghasinvented.Itcan“think”foritselfandbecomewarmerorcooleraccordingtotheweather.WhentrainingtheSs’listeningability,teachersshouldstartwithpre-listening,thatislead-in.Ifitisnecessary,teachershadbetterintroducesomebackgroundknowledgeaboutthelisteningmaterial.Afterthat,askthestudentstopredictwhatthefollowinglisteningmaterialmaybeaboutaccordingtothegiveninformation.Teachingstudentstolisteninaproperwayistheaimofthisactivity.Agoodlistenershouldbeabletopredictaccordingtosomehintssuchasthetopic,thequestionslisted,etc.,tolistenwiththepurposeoffindingusefulinformationandtosummarize.Later,lettheSslistentoit.Atthesametime,teachersshoulddesignsomesimplequestions.Afterthat,theSshaveknownsomeaboutthelisteningmaterial,andthenteacherscanaskthemtolistentoitagaintobereadyformoredifficultquestions.Ifnecessary,theSscanbegivenanothertimetolisten.Whilepracticing,teachershadbettergivestudentssomeadviceonhowtodoitwell.Certainly,supposetherearemanynewwordsandexpressions,teachersdealwiththemfirstly.Afterpracticinglistening,theSsareexpectedtolearnsomeexpressionsaboutimagination.Thetopicisaboutwhatlifewillbelikewhatlifewillbelikeinyourhometownin1000years’time.Laterletthestudentsworkinpairs.Imagineyouaretwoinventorsandyouhavedesignedanewproduct,whichyouwanttosell.First,youneedtodecideonyourproduct.Itcanbeanythingthatpeoplemightfindusefulinthefuture.Itmightsavethemtime,makeworkeasierorhelpincommunication.Second,youwillhavetoexplaintotheclassexactlyhowyourproductworks.Itcanuseanybranchofscience.Third,youneedtoshowthatpeoplewillbewillingtouseit.Duringthecourse,teachersshouldrankclassactivitiesfromtheeasytothedifficult.First,askthemtolearntheexpressions.Then,askthemtoimitateittohaveadialogue.Finally,thestudentsareexpectedtocreateadialogueordiscussthegiventopic,usingtheexpressionsaboutimagination.Thisperiodlaysemphasisonspeakingandlistening.Theteachershouldtryhisorherbesttoencouragethestudentstosaysomething.Don’talwayscorrectthemistakesthatthestudentswouldmakewhilespeaking.Otherwise,thestudentswouldfeelreluctanttospeakouttheiropinions.TeachingImportantPointsTrainthestudents’speakingabilitybydescribing,talkinganddiscussion.Helpthestudentsimprovetheirlisteningability.TeachingDifficultiesTrainthestudents’listeningability.Especiallylistenandunderstandthekeywordsandunderstandthespeakers’intentionandattitude.TeachingAids7,ataperecorder,aprojector,theblackboardThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeAimsLettheSsknowaboutsomewonderfulimagination.GettheSstolearnhowtoexpressimagination.AbilityAimsTrainthestudents’speakingabilitybydescribing,talkinganddiscussion.Trainthestudents’listeningability.Developthestudents’imaginationability.EmotionalAimsTrainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.Developthestudents’imaginationability.TeachingProcedureStep1GreetingT:Hello,boysandgirls.Ss:Hello,MissWang.Step2RevisionT:Todaywewillbeginourlessonwithacompetitionbetweengroups.Inthelastperiod,welearntaboutane-mailwrittenbyLiQiang.Now,pleasesaysomethingthatyouknowaboutit.Ifyouofferacompletesentence,youwillbegiventenmarks.Yourgroupwillbegiventwentymarkswhenyourexpressionisespeciallybeautiful.S:LiQiangpaidavisittothefutureinAD3005.S:Hefeltverynervousatfirst,buthefeltmuchbetteraftereatinggreentablets.S:Hearrivedontheearthinonethousandyearsbycapsule.Ss:...(Theteachershouldencouragemorestudentstojoininthecompetition.Attheendofthecompetition,theteachershouldannouncetheresultofthiscompetition.Praisethewinnerandencouragethelosers.)Step3Listening(onPage23)Task1Pre-listeningT:Let’sreadthefollowingphrasestogether.spacecreatures,livingonanotherplanet,newdiscoveriesinspace,whyaspacestationspins,howtogetwateronMars,comets,housesinatownonMars,Martiancreatures,atmosphereandgravityT:Canyouunderstandthosephrases?Pleasepredictwhatyouaregoingtolistenmaybeaboutaccordingtothephrases.Ss:Itmaybeaboutlifeontheotherplanet.Task2FirstListeningT:Nowlet’slistentothetapetoseewhetherwhatyoupredictisrightornot.Atthesametime,youareaskedtotickthethingsthatyouhearonthetape?DoExerciseOneonPage23.(Afterlistening,letthemchecktheanswers.)Task3SecondListeningT:Thistime.You’dwritedowntheanswerstothefourquestions.Boysandgirls,howcanwewritetheanswersfastandcorrectly?7,S:Weshouldgothroughthequestionsfirstandkeeptheminmind.Whenwearelistening,wejustneedtopaymuchattentiontothesentencesrelatedtotheanswers.S:Weneedn’twritedowneachwordoftheanswers.Wejustwritedownsomekeywords.Laterwecanwritedownthecompleteanswerswiththehelpofthesekeywords.T:Youareclever.Nowpleasegetready.First,lookthroughtheintroductiontothelisteningmaterial.Then,scanthequestions.(Twominuteslater,theteacherplaysthetape.ThengiveSstimetoorganizetheirsentences.)T:Let’schecktheanswersonebyone.(Ifstudentsmakesomecommonmistakesortheyseemtohavedifficultyinfindingoutanswers,teacherscangivethemsomehintsandletthemlistentoitagain.Afterthat,checktheanswers.Ifthestudentsfeelitdifficulttomakesenseaboutthekeywordsandunderstandthespeakers’intentionandattitude,theteachershouldgivethemsomehelp.)Task4Post-listeningT:Afterlistening,wouldyoupleaseanswersomequestions?1.Whatdidyouhearonthetape?2.Doyouthinkpeopleinthefuturewillbeabletolivein“Wonderworld”?Whydoyouthinkso?(Atthisparttheteachermayhavethestudentspresentwhattheyhaveheardonthetapeandshowtheirownopiniononlivingin“Wonderworld”.Ifpossible,theteachermayhavesomeofthestudentsdothepresentationworkinclass.Bydoingthis,thestudentscangetfullunderstandingofwhatthetapeistalkingabout.)Step4Post-listening(onPage55)Task1Pre-readingT:Nowlet’slearnaboutamagicquilt.XiaoFenghasinventedthisnewkindofquilt.Itcan“think”foritselfandbecomewarmerorcooleraccordingtotheweather.Let’sreadthefollowingwordsandphrasesonPage55.Trytopronouncethemcorrectly.Task2FirstListeningT:Now,let’slistentothetapeandtickthethingsyouhearonthetape.(Lateraskthestudentstochecktheanswers.)Task3SecondListeningT:Justnowwehavelistenedtoitandknowsomeadvantagesofthisspecialquilt.Supposeyouaremarketingmanagerinthecompanythatmakesthequilts.Soyouhavebeenaskedtofindareasintheworldtosellthequilt.Listentothetapeagainandthinkoftheplaceswherethequiltwillworkbest.YouwillbeaskedtofinishExerciseTwo.Itwillworkbestin__________wintersand__________summers.(Afterlistening,letthestudentschecktheanswers.)Task4Post-listeningT:Youdidaverygoodjobjustnow.Let’sgoontofillintheform.Useyouratlasifyouneedmoreinformation.Addtwootherplacesyouthinkwillbetherightplacestosellthequilt.CountrySuitableclimatePossibleareatosellquilts?Why?London,UKHumidallyearroundToronto,CanadaVerycold,drywinters7,CapeTown,SouthAfricaHot,drysummersMombasa,KenyaHot,humidsummersYakutat,NorthUSAVerycold,humidwinters(Ifthestudentshavesomedifficulty,letthemlistentothetapeathirdtime.Thengivethemaboutthreeminutestoconsideranddiscusswiththeirpartners.Finallychecktheanswersandexchangetheiropinion.)Step5SpeakingTask1Lead-inT:Boysandgirls,areyousurewhatwillhappentoyoutomorrow?S:No.Nooneknowswhatwillhappentomorrow.T:Iagreewithyou.Whenweexpresswhatwillhappen,whatexpressionsdoweoftenuse?S:Isitpossiblethat...?S:Supposethat...T:Good.Weoftenusethemtoexpressourimagination.Besidesthose,wealsousethefollowing:Iwonderif...Doyouimaginethat...?Iwonderif...Isitlikely/unlikelythat...?Doyousupposethat...?Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly...Mostlylikely...Probably...Task2PracticeT:Nowpleaseusetheseexpressionstolistsomequestionsaboutwhatlifewillbelikeinyourhometownin1000years’time.Thenexchangeyourquestionswithyourpartner.Afterthat,gettogetherwithanotherpairandanswertheirquestionsandaskthemyourquestions.Fourstudentsmakeupagroup.Byaskingandanswering,youfourchoosethebestquestionsandanswers.Finallyeachgroupwillchoosearepresentativetogiveatalktotheclass.Task3TalkingT:Nowlet’sworkinpairs.Imagineyouaretwoinventorsandyouhavedesignedanewproduct,whichyouwanttosell.First,youneedtodecideonyourproduct.Itcanbeanythingthatpeoplemightfindusefulinthefuture.Itmightsavethemtime,makepeople’sworkeasierorhelpincommunication.Second,youwillhavetoexplaintotheclassexactlyhowyourproductworks.Itcanuseanybranchofscience.Third,youneedtoshowthatpeoplewillbewillingtouseit.Thesedescriptionsofsomeimaginaryproductsmayhelpyou.1.These“flyingboots”areoperatedbyasmallcomputerchip.Theywillrisestraightupfromthegroundandhoverormovequicklyforwardsorbackwards.Presstheswitchinyourhandoncetostartandtwicetostop.2.Anothertime-savinginvention.Thisisashirtthatcleansitselfasyouwearit.Heatfromyourbodywarmstheshirtanditattractswatervaporfromtheair.Whenthereisenoughwatertheshirtreleaseschemical,whichcleansitselfasyouwearit.3.Neverpayforelectricityagain!Thislightbulbabsorbslightfromthesunandstoresit.Whenyouturnitonatnight,thelightisreleasedsothebulbgivesoff“free”light.(Asusual,theteacherwon’tforgettogivecommentsonwhatthestudentsdo,includingtheteacher’swordspraisingwhattheyaredoinginthefirstfewstages.Onlyinthiswayarethestudentsencouragedtotalkfreelyaboutwhattheywanttosayandwhytheythinkso.)Step6Summary7,T:Inthisperiod,wemainlyfocusonthespeakingandlisteningabilities.Ifyoufeellisteningorspeakingpoor,youhadbetterpracticemore.Practicemakesperfect.Afterclass,wouldyoupleasedoso?Today’shomeworkistoinventwhatyouwanttoowninthefuture.Thenpreparefordescriptionofhowitwillworkandwhatadvantagesofusingit.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboardUnit3LifeinthefuturePeriod3ListeningandSpeakingUsefulexpressionsondiscussingimaginationIsitpossiblethat...?　　Supposethat...　　Iwonderif...Doyouimaginethat...?　　Iwonderif...Isitlikely/unlikelythat...?　　Doyousupposethat...?Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly...　　Mostlylikely...　　Probably...ResearchandActivitiesReadthefollowingmaterialaboutMars,andthenwriteapassageaboutwhetherpeopleinthefuturewillbeabletoliveontheMars.Inthepassage,youwillbeaskedtopresentyouropinionandtrytopersuadeotherstobelieveinyourimagination.BasicatmosphericdataTheMartianatmosphereiscomposedmainlyofcarbondioxide(CO2).Itisverythin(lessthan1percentoftheEarth’satmosphericpressure).Evidencesuggeststhattheatmospherewasmuchdenserintheremotepastandthatwaterwasoncemuchmoreabundantatthesurface.Onlysmallamountsofwaterarefoundintheloweratmospheretoday,occasionallyformingthinicecloudsathighaltitudesand,inseverallocalities,morningicefogs.Nitrogen,oxygen,carbonmonoxide,andtheraregases(neon,argon,krypton,andxenon)alsoarepresentinsmallquantities.Thecharacteristictemperatureintheloweratmosphereisabout200K,whichisgenerallycolderthantheaveragedaytimesurfacetemperature(250K).Itdecreasesupwardfromthesurfaceatabout1.5Kperverticalkilometer.UnlikethatoftheEarth,thetotalmass(andpressure)oftheatmosphereexperienceslargeseasonalvariations,ascarbondioxide“snowsout”atthewinterpole.Theannualvariationofsurfacepressurewasmeasuredtobeabout26percentofthemeanatmosphericpressure(7-8millibars)atthelandersites,equivalenttosome7.9×1012metrictonsofcarbondioxide.AlthoughtheMartianatmosphereisthin,itsupportsavarietyofclouds.Whitecloudsarewaterice,whilethe“yellow”onesareduststormsthatthrowdustintotheatmospheretoheightsof10km(6miles)ormore.Evenintheabsenceofstorms,theatmosphereisneverclearofdust,whichgreatlyaffectsatmosphericstructure.ReferenceforTeachingExploringtheplanetMarsPeopleonEarthhavealwaysbeeninterestedintheplanetMars.Recently,thatinteresthasincreasedbecauseseveralsuccessfulspacecrafthavebeenplacedinorbitaroundMars.TheseincludetheAmericanspaceagency’sMarsGlobalSurveyorandMarsOdysseyandtheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sMarsExpress.7,PerhapsthemostexcitingeventtookplaceonJanuarythird.ThatiswhenthefirstoftwoMarsexplorationvehiclessuccessfullylandedontheRedPlanet.Thefirstlanderisnamed“Spirit”.ItcametorestinanareaofMarsnamedGusevCrater.MillionsofpeopleusedtheircomputerstolinkwithNASA’sInternetWebsitetoseephotographssentbackbySpirit.OnJanuaryfifteenth,NASAscientiststoldSpirittouseitssixwheelstomoveoffthelandingdevice.ItdidthissuccessfullyandrolledontothesurfaceofMars.ExcitedNASAofficialssaidSpiritwasnowreadytobeginitstaskofexploringthesurfaceoftheRedPlanet.OnJanuarytwentieth,scientiststoldtheexplorationrovertouseoneofitstoolstostudythesoilneartherock.Thenextday,Spiritbeganhavingproblems.Itansweredradiosignals,butitwouldnotsendbackscientificinformation.NASAofficialsbegantoworktocorrecttheproblemwithSpirit’scomputer.Thepartofthecomputerthatstoresinformationwasnotworkingcorrectly.OnFebruary1st,NASAannouncedthatSpirit’scomputermemoryhadbeensuccessfullyrepaired.Itwillbeginscientificexaminationsofrockslaterthisweek.Thesecondvehicleisnamed“Opportunity”.ItlandedinanareaofMarscalledMeridianiPlanum.NASAscientistssayOpportunitylandedinsidealargeholeinthesurfaceoftheplanet.PhotographsfromOpportunityshowseverallargeformationsofrock.Thephotographsclearlyshowthisrockisbelowthesurface.NASAscientistssaytherocktheyseeinthephotographsisnotlikeanythingtheyhaveeverseenbefore.NASAofficialssaytheyhavediscoveredandconfirmedthatOpportunitylandedonanareaofMarsthatisrichinthemineralcrystallinehematite.OnEarthsuchhematiteusuallyformsinthepresenceofwater.ScientistswanttoknowifthehematiteonMarswasformedunderwatertoo.SomeevidencesuggeststhatlongagotheMeridianiPlanumareaofMarswaswetandheldwater.Opportunitywillsearchformoreevidenceofwaterandanyevidencethatsomekindoflifecouldhaveexistedinthearea.Whentheygettoaninterestingareatheyreachoutwithamechanicalarmthatcarriesseveraltools.Thearmcarriesthemicroscope,twoinstrumentsforidentifyingwhattherockismadeofandatoolforcuttingintotherock.7,ScientistssaythatSpiritandOpportunitywillexplorethesurfaceofMarsforaslongasninetydays.TheroverswillbeexploringthesurfaceinanefforttofindevidenceofwateronMars.WaterisextremelyimportanttoanyfuturehumanexplorationofMars.Thetwodevicesaretryingtodiscoverifwehavenotbeenaloneintheuniverse.Theyaretryingtoanswerthequestion:IsthereanyevidencethatlifeonceexistedontheRedPlanet?UNcallsforgreatereffortstoprotectenvironmentU.N.SecretaryGeneralKofiAnnansaidthatthethemeofthisyear’sWorldEnvironmentDayisConnectwiththeWorldWideWebofLife,“achoicethatreflectstheneedforeveryoneofustorecognizeourroleinpreservingourfragileplanetandtheecosystems,resourcesandnaturalprocessthatbindusalltogether.”“Morethanever,lifeonEarthrequiresofusasenseofuniversalresponsibility—nationtonation,persontoperson,humantoallotherformsoflife,”hesaid.KlausToepfer,executivedirectoroftheU.N.EnvironmentProgram,saidthattherichesoftheinformationagearebeingfeltbyeveryoneonearth,however,theworld’soldproblemsareenduringandurgent,citingtheloomingthreatsofinequalitiesbroughtaboutbytheforcesofglobalization,poverty,reducedfoodsecurity,theintricatebalancebetweenpopulation,resourcesandtheenvironment,thechallengeofsustainabledevelopmentandtherelationshipofallthesetothefutureofhumanityandtheenvironment.“Thethemeofthisyear’sWorldEnvironmentDayisareminderthattheearthwithallitscomplex,interlockingecosystems,isthefoundationofourlives.Itisourcommonheritage.Thebountyofnatureisoneandindivisible.Itknowsnofrontiers,noterritorialborders,”hesaid.Henotedthathumanbeingsareapartofavastwebofinterconnectedspeciesandsystemsthatfittogetherinintricateways,enablingthewholesystemtocontinue.“Therearelimitstohowmuchourpopulationcangrow,andhowmuchwecanalteroursurroundingenvironment,withoutcausingchangesthatwillreverberatethroughoutthatwebandjeopardizeourownfuture,”hesaid.Hecalledongovernmentsandpeopleworldwidetojoinhandsandtakecommonstepstoprotectenvironmentsoastopassasafe,cleanworldtohuman’soffspring.7