Period4　ListeningandSpeaking教学内容分析　　　Theemphasisofthisperiodwillbeplacedonlisteningandspeaking.Therearealtogethertwotextsforthestudentstolistentointhisperiod：oneisintheStudent'sBookandtheotherisintheWorkbook.Thefirstone(onPage31，Listeningandspeaking)isaconversationbetweentwopeople，LiBinandProfessorKeeling，whoisascientiststudyingglobalwarming.ProfessorKeelinghasbeenmentionedinthereadingpassageonPage26.Thelisteningtextisaradiointerviewabouttheuseoffossilfuelsandothersourcesofenergy.Itcontainsexamplesofthefocusfunctionforthisunit：agreementanddisagreement.WhilelisteningtoPart1forthefirsttimethestudentsareaskedtodecidewhichstatementinExercise1ProfessorKeelingdoesNOTagreewith.ThenstudentsarerequiredtolistentoPart1againandticktheenergysourcesthatarementionedinthetext.AfterlisteningtoPart2studentsareaskedtolistthreethingstheycandotosaveenergy.AtlasttheyshouldalsolistentoPart2againandfillintheblanksinExercise4.Thesecondone(onPage65，ListeningTask)involvesanenvironmentalorganization.Astudent，Tom，isgivinganoralpresentation.Aswithmostoralpresentationsthatstudentsgive，Tomhassomevisualaidstogowithhistalk.Studentswillfirstberequiredtolistentothewholespeechtogetthegeneralidea，andthenlistenagainandtakesomenotesaboutsomefactsmentionedinthespeech.三维目标设计　　　Knowledgeandskills1．Tounderstandthemeaningsofthefollowingkeywordsandexpressionswhilehearingtheminthetape：fossilfuels(化石燃料)，industrialsocieties(工业化社会)，concentrated(浓缩的)，radiation(辐射)，economical(经济的)，globalcommunity(地球村)，cigarettebutts(烟蒂)，commitment(承诺)，inspiration(启发)．2．Toenablethestudentstounderstandthelisteningtexts.3．Tohelpthestudentslearnhowtoexpressagreementanddisagreement.Processandmethods1．Smoothingawaylanguageproblemsifanybeforelistening.Beforeaskingthestudentstolistentothetape，helpthemtosmoothawayanylanguageproblemssuchasnewwordsandexpressionsthattheymaynotunderstandwhilelistening.2．Listeningforneededinformation.Beforeaskingthestudentstolistentothetapeforthefirsttime，givethemoneortwoquestionsaboutthegeneralideaofthetextsoastoleadthestudentstoconcentrateonlyontheneededinformation.Thenaskthemtolistentothetapeforasecondorevenathirdtimeforsomespecificinformationbygivingthemsomedetailedquestionstoanswer.3．Speakingfreelyandmakingconversations.Atlastthestudentsmaybeaskedtogivetheirownpointsofviewandattitudestowardsthesubjectmentionedinthetext.Emotion，attitudeandvalue1．Tostimulatestudents'spiritofcommunicationandcooperation.6,2．Todevelopstudents'abilityofenjoyinglanguagebeauty.教学重、难点　　　1．Theunderstandingofthelisteningtext.2．Theexpressingofagreementanddisagreement.Step1　Revision1．RetellthetextonP26－P27.2．Checkthelastperiod'shomeworkandexplainthedifficulties.Step2　Pre－listening1．Showthefollowingpicturestothestudentsandaskthemtotellwhichkindofenergyeachpictureshows.Picture1____________　　　　　　　Picture2____________Picture3____________Picture4____________Suggestedanswers：Picture1：tide；Picture2：windpower；Picture3：solarenergy；Picture4：nuclearenergy2．Tellthestudentstothinkoverandtellwhichenergyisthemostwidelyusednowandwhatareitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.________________________________________________________________________Suggestedanswers：Solarenergyisthemostwidelyusednow.Itsadvantagesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandrenewable.Itsdisadvantageisthattheequipmentistooexpensive.Step3　Listening1．ListentoPart1ofText1(Page31)andfinishthefollowingexercises.(1)HowlongdoesProfessorKeelingthinkfossilfuelswilllast?A．Severalyears.　　　　　B．Onlyafewyears.　　　　　C．Centuries.(2)Whatisthedisadvantageofnuclearenergy?A．Itisdangerous.B．Itproducescarbondioxide.C．Thereisn'tenoughforit.(3)Whatmakesitimpossibleforustousesunpoweratpresent?A．Thedanger.B．Thetechnology.　C．Beingclean.Suggestedanswers：(1)C　(2)A　(3)B2．ListentoPart1ofText1again(Page31)andticktheenergysourcesthatarementioned.Completethenotesonthem.SourcesofenergyNotesFossilfuelsWindpower[来源:学科网]6,Energyfromthesun[来源:学。科。网]NuclearpowerSuggestedanswers：SourcesofenergyNotesFossilfuels●producecarbondioxide●cheapandconcentratedformofenergyWindpower●clean●notpractical：needhugeareasoflandtoprovideenoughenergyEnergyfromthesun●clean●notverypracticalwithpresenttechnologyNuclearpower●doesn'tproducecarbondioxide●dangerous3.ListentoPart2ofText1(Page31)andchoosethebestanswerstothefollowingquestions.(1)HowmanysuggestionsdoesProfessorKeelingoffer?A．2B．3C．4(2)Whichofthefollowingistoblameforglobalwarming?A．Developingcountries.B．Developedcountries.C．Poorcountries.Suggestedanswers：(1)B　(2)B4．ListentoText2(Page65)forthefirsttimeandcatchitsmainideaandthensummarizeeachpart.Mainidea：_________________________________________________Part1：______________________________________________________Part2：_____________________________________________________Suggestedanswers：Mainidea：ThetalkismainlyaboutCleanUpAustraliaDayanditsorganizerIanKierman.Part1：HowIanKiermanbeganCleanUpAustraliaDay.Part2：CleanUptheWorldDayandIanKierman'scontributiontoimprovingtheenvironment.5．Listentothewholetalkagain.AskstudentstonoticetheyearsthatTommentions，whathappenedintheseyearsandmanyotherfacts.Makenotesinthefollowingtable.YearEventFactsabouttheevent[来源:学科网ZXXK]　Suggestedanswers：YearEventFactsabouttheevent1987IanKiermancompetedinaround－the－worldyachtraceHewasshockedatthepollutionintheocean.1989Clean－upDayforSydneyHarbour40000volunteers；collectedoldcarbodies，plastics，glassbottles，cigarettebutts1990ThefirstCleanUpAustraliaDay300000volunteers6,2001CleanUpAustraliaDayMostcommonkindsofrubbish：cigarettebutts，glassbottlesandplasticbags1993ThefirstCleanUptheWorldDay30millionvolunteersin80countries2001CleanUptheWorldDay[来源:学科网]40millionvolunteersin128countries；cleanedstreets，beaches，riverbanksandparksStep3　SpeakingSincethestudentshavelearnedmuchknowledgeaboutglobalwarmingbybothreadingandlistening.It'snecessaryforthemtotalkaboutitnow.Teachthemhowtoexpressagreementsanddisagreements，blameandcomplaintbyshowingthemthefollowingpatternsonthescreen.(Slideshow)Agreement：Exactly.You'reright.Iagree.That'scorrect/true/right.Disagreement：I'mafraidIdisagreewithyou.I'mafraidnot.Idon'tthinkso.Noway.Idon'tagree.Idoubt...Blameandcomplaint：I'msorrytobringthisup，but...?I'msorrytohavetosaythis，but...Theyshouldn'thavedoneit.Theyaretoblame.Perhaps/Maybetheyshould/oughtto...Whydon'tyoudosomethingaboutit？[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]AskstudentstoreadagainwhatProfessorKeelingandLiBinsay.Theningroupsdiscusswhoyouagreewithandgivereasons.Usesomeoftheexpressionslistedaboveoranyotherstheyknow.Givethestudentsthreeminutestoprepareandpractice，andthenasktwogroupstodemonstratetheirdialoguesinfrontofthewholeclass.Step4　HomeworkWriteapassagetotalkaboutglobalwarmingandpeople'sdifferentviewsonit.Step5　Reflectionafterteaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅰ.国际知名环保组织介绍这些国际性的环保组织克服了重重困难，获得了世界范围内的响应和支持，依靠组织手段，将提倡的环保概念普及，并通过各种环保项目的实施，切实推动世界各地的环保进程。(1)世界环保组织(IUCN)全名为InternationalUnionforConservationofNatureandNaturalResources，缩写为IUCN，该组织历史悠久，1948年即在瑞士格兰德成立，是政府及非政府机构都能参与合作的少数几个国际组织之一。由全球81个国家、120个政府组织、超过800个非政府组织、10000个专家及科学家组成，该组织共有181个成员国，实际工作人员已超过8500名。6,组织每3年召开一次世界自然保护大会(WorldConservationCongress)。IUCN旨在影响、鼓励及协助全球各地的协会，保护自然的完整性与多样性，并确保在使用自然资源上的公平性，及生态上的可持续发展。(2)世界自然基金会(WWF)WWF是在全球享有盛誉的、最大的独立性非政府环境保护机构之一，在全世界拥有将近500万支持者和一个在90多个国家活跃着的网络。WWF的使命是遏止地球自然环境的恶化，创造人类与自然和谐相处的美好未来，保护世界生物多样性；确保可再生自然资源的可持续利用；推动降低污染和减少浪费性消费的行动。该组织的标志为大熊猫。(3)全球环境基金(GEF)GEF是关于生物多样性、气候变化、持久性有机污染物和土地荒漠化的国际公约的资金机制。GEF通过其业务规划，支持发展中国家和经济转型国家在生物多样性、气候变化、国家水域、臭氧层损耗、土地退化和持久性有机污染物的重点领域上开展活动，取得全球效益。自1991年启动以来，GEF已通过1000多个项目，向140多个发展中国家和经济转型国家提供了大约40亿美元赠款，并从各种渠道吸引了120亿美元的项目融资。2002年8月，32个捐资国保证，在随后4年内，向GEF提供近30亿美元，用于GEF活动。(4)国际绿色和平组织1971年，12名怀有共同梦想的人从加拿大温哥华起航，驶往安奇卡岛(Amchitka)，去阻止美国在那里进行的核试验。他们在渔船上挂了一条横幅，上面写着“绿色和平”。尽管在中途遭到美国军方阻拦，他们的行动却触发了舆论和公众的声援。次年，美国放弃在安奇卡岛进行核试验。在此后的30多年里，绿色和平组织逐渐发展成为全球最有影响力的环保组织之一。该组织继承了创始人勇敢独立的精神，坚信以行动促成改变。同时，通过研究、教育和游说工作，推动政府、企业和公众共同寻求环境问题的解决方案。绿色和平组织在中国的环保项目包括气候与能源项目——致力于减缓由燃烧煤、石油和天然气等化石燃料造成的气候变化，还有致力于消除有毒污染物的污染防治项目，森林保护项目品等。(5)地球之友(FriendsofEarth)在香港地区创立的“地球之友”(FriendsoftheEarthInternational)是著名的环境非政府组织之一，还是反全球化运动的一支重要力量。与其他环境组织一样，“地球之友”近年来也改变了就环境问题谈环境的做法，转而将环境问题与社会问题及发展问题联系起来，既扩大了活动领域，也扩大了影响。自1983年成立以来，“地球之友”曾经走过一段艰辛的路。在香港的超级物质主义的大潮流下，“地球之友”仍然坚守使命，捍卫公众利益，维护环境公义，不屈不挠地推动环保，反对扩充发电厂、滥用杀虫剂、侵占郊野土地、关注过度消费、城市空气污染、水质污染、填海和环境管理失误等问题。Ⅱ.KidsF．A.C.E.(儿童环保组织“为了世界更清洁”)MelissaPoewas9yearsoldwhenshebeganacampaignforacleanerenvironmentbywritingalettertothethenPresidentBush.Throughherownefforts，herletterwasreproducedonover250donatedbillboardsacrossthecountry.TheresponsetoherrequestforhelpwassohugethatPoeestablishedKidsforACleanerEnvironment(KidsF．A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300000membersofKidsF．A.C.E.worldwideandistheworld'slargestyouthenvironmentalorganization.PoehasalsoaskedtheNationalParkServicetocarryouta“Children'sForest”projectineverynationalpark.In1992，shewasinvitedasoneofonlysixchildrenintheworldtospeakattheEarthSummitinBrazilaspartoftheVoicesoftheFutureProgram.In1993，shewasgivenaCaringAwardforhereffortsbytheCaringInstitute.Sincetheorganizationstarted，KidsF．A.C.E.membershavedistributedandplantedover16,milliontrees!Ongoingtree－plantingprojectsincludeKid'sYards—thecreationofbackyardwildlifehabitats(栖息地)andnowKidsF．A.C.E.isinvolvedintheexcitingEarthOdyssey，whichisagreatwaytostarthelping.“Startingtheclubturnedouttobeawaytohelppeoplegetinvolvedwiththeenvironment.Clubmembersstarteddoingthingslikerecycling，pickinguplitterandplantingtreesaswellasinvitingotherkidstojointheirclub.”“Wetrytotellkidsthatit'snotOKtobelazy，”sheexplains.“Youneedtostartbeingaresponsible，environmentallyfriendlypersonnow，rightaway，beforeyoubecomearesource－suckingadult.”6