Period3　GrammarTeachingaims　　　1．Studentswillbeabletorecognizetheinfinitivesandknowtheexactmeaningsofthem.2．Studentswillbeabletousethesestructurescorrectly.Teachingprocedures　　　Step1　RevisionAskseveralstudentstoretellMarty'sstory.ShowMarty'sminibiographyonthePowerPoint.MyminibiographyNameMartyFieldingStatusHighschoolstudentHealthDevelopedamusclediseaseattheageof10，veryweak，cannotdothingslikenormalpeopleInterestsandHobbies·Enjoyingwritingandcomputerprogramming·Goingtothemoviesandfootballmatcheswithfriends·Spendingalotoftimewithmypets—tworabbits，aparrot，atankfulloffishandatortoiseAmbitionToworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwareMottoLiveonedayatatimeStep2　Discoveringusefulstructures1．基本概念不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。是一个考试经常考查的语法点。2．基本形式主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/否定形式nottodonottobedone疑问词＋不定式wh－todowh－tobedone复合结构sb.todo/forsb.todo/　　3.句法功能不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即forsb.todosth.。Itisgoodto_help_others.(subject)Itismyambitionto_make_sure_that_the_disabled_people_in_our_neighbourhood_have_access_to_all_public_buildings.(subject),Myambitionis_to_work_inthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.(predicative)Idon'thavetimeto_sit_aroundfeelingsorryformyself.(attributive)Iamtheonlystudentinmyclassto_have_a_pet_snake.(attributive)Abigcompanyhasdecidedto_buy_it_from_me.(object)Myfellowstudentshavebegunto_accept_me_for_who_I_am.(object)Ihavehadtoworkhard_to_live_a_normal_life.(adverbial)SomedaysIamtootiredto_get_out_of_bed.(adverbial)Wemustcallonlocalgovernment_to_give_financial_assistance_to_disabled_people.(objectcomplement)4．不定式的时态与语态根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(todo)，完成式(tohavedone)，完成进行式(tohavebeendoing)，进行式(tobedoing)等时态形式以及被动形式tobedone和tohavebeendone。Hedidn'tallowustogohomeearly.他不允许我们早回家。Heseemedtohaveseenthefilm.他好像看过这部电影。Sheissaidtohavebeenlivinginthecityforsixyears.据说她住在该城市六年了。Theboypretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.当他母亲进来的时候，小男孩假装在读书。Heissaidtohavestudiedabroadafewyearsago.据说他几年前在国外学习过。Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.据说此书已被译成了多种语言。[注意]1．Thefollowingverbsareusuallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，come，consent，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，elect，endeavor，expect，fail，get，guarantee，hate，help，hesitate，hope，hurry，intend，learn，long，manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，say，seem，tend，threaten，want，wishForexample：Ican'taffordto_gotothepub.Heagreedto_practice_more.Youshouldlearnto_express_yourself.Theymanaged_to_fix_the_problem.2．ExplanationofthegerundandtheinfinitiveSomewordscanbefollowedbyeithertheinfinitiveorthe－ingform.Pleasepayattentionwhenthereisnodifferenceinmeaningandwhenthereisdifference.(1)Thegerundandtheinfinitive(nodifferenceinmeaning)Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs：beginHebegantalking.Hebegantotalk.continueTheycontinuesmoking.Theycontinuetosmoke.,hateDoyouhateworkingonSaturdays？DoyouhatetoworkonSaturdays？likeIlikeswimming.Iliketoswim.loveShelovespainting.Shelovestopaint.preferPatpreferswalkinghome.Patpreferstowalkhome.startTheystartsinging.Theystarttosing.　　Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs.Therearetwopossiblestructuresaftertheseverbs.Gerund：verb＋－ingInfinitive：verb＋person＋to－infinitiveadviseTheyadvisewalking_totown.Theyadviseus_to_walktotown.allowTheydonotallowsmokinghere.Theydonotallow_us_to_smoke_here.encourageTheyencourage_doing_thetest.Theyencourageus_to_do_thetest.permitTheydonotpermitsmokinghere.Theydonotpermitus_to_smokehere.　　Weusethefollowingstructuresafterthewordrecommend：recommendTheyrecommendwalking_totown.Theyrecommendthat_we_(should)_walk_to_town.　　(2)Someverbsorverbphraseshavedifferentmeaningswhenusedwiththegerundortheinfinitive.GERUNDINFINITIVEforgetHe'llneverforgetspending_somuchmoneyonhisfirstcomputer.他永远不会忘记在第一台电脑上花费了这么多钱。Don'tforgetto_spendmoneyonthetickets.不要忘记用钱去买票。goonGoonreadingthetext.继续读这篇文章。(继续做同一件事)Goonto_read_thetext.继续读这篇文章。(继续做另一件事)meanYouhaveforgottenyourhomeworkagain.Thatmeansphoning_yourmother.你又忘记做家庭作业了，这意味着我要打电话给你妈妈。Imeantto_phoneyourmother，butmymobiledidn'twork.我本打算打电话给你妈妈，但是我的手机坏了。rememberIrememberswitching_offthelightswhenIwentonholiday.我记得我去度假时把灯都关掉了。Rememberto_switch_offthelightswhenyougoonholiday.当你去度假时，记得把灯关掉。stopStopreading_thetext.停止读这篇文章。Stopto_read_thetext.停下来读这篇文章。tryWhydon'tyoutryrunning_aftertheItriedto_runafterthedog，butI．..,dog？你为什么不尝试跟着狗跑呢？我竭尽全力跟着狗跑，但是……Step3　DrillingAskstudentstodoExercise2onPage5andcheckwiththeirpartnersthenchecktogether.Keys：tohavekeptyouwaiting；tohaveforgotten；tohavefinished；AskstudentstodoExercise3andsharetheirpastexperienceinagroup.Keys：tohavespent；Tofree；tosee；totreat；tohelppass；toabolishStep4　UsingtheinfinitiveAskstudentstotranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandpayattentiontotheuseoftheinfinitive.1．我忘了让你去社区服务中心了。2．在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。3．我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。4．幸运的是，我们没有更多的活儿要做。5．海伦很高兴到过中国20多个省、市。6．她事业有成，现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。Suggestedanswers：1．Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecenter.2．It'sveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.3．Idon'tknowwheretofindsuchakindofbutton.4．Luckily，wedon'thavemuchmoreworktodo.5．Helenisverypleasedtohavetravelledinmorethan20provincesandcitiesinChina.6．Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork，andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhavesomechildren.Step5　HomeworkFinishoffExercises2and3onP49.