Unit2　Robots指导思想与理论依据　　　1．指导思想本课题努力结合新课程的理念，将课堂教学放在具体的语言情景之中；努力培养学生的综合语言运用能力，并且把听、说、读、写语言技能的训练综合运用于课堂教学之中。通过探究法、观察法和发现法，让学生发挥主观能动性，利用两两合作、小组活动的方式，激发学生参与教学的热情，让学生整堂课都处于新鲜感不断的亢奋状态中。根据学生的认知能力和接受程度，设计了写作等任务，使语言得到输出，可以使学生产生继续学习的动力。总之，本次设计的宗旨是努力提高课堂教学的实效性，使学生能够提高语言的实际运用能力，达到最终教学的目的。2．理论依据《普通高中英语课程标准》明确提出：“要通过设计丰富多彩的课内外学习活动，使学生在参与交际活动的过程中形成交际策略。”教材内容分析　　　本单元以机器人和科幻小说为话题，介绍了20世纪世界知名的科幻小说家IsaacAsimov发表于1951年的SatisfactionGuaranteed和他的生平。通过本单元的教学，旨在让学生了解科幻小说最大的特征在于：它赋予了“幻想”依靠科技在未来得以实现的极大可能，甚至有些“科学幻想”在多年以后，的确在科学上成了现实。如IsaacAsimov1951年描述的机器人的部分功能已经被应用于现实生活和工作中。在教学中，要鼓励学生敢于幻想，大胆创新，发挥自己丰富的想象力和创作力，写出独具特色的科幻文章。教学内容如下：WarmingUp介绍了机器人的制造、种类、功能等等，再让学生分组列表，把自己熟悉的科幻文艺形式(科幻故事、电影、电脑游戏、电视剧、卡通等等)写出来，并进行简单地交流。Pre－reading通过讨论机器人是否像人类一样有自己的思维、是否有感情引出IsaacAsimov的科幻小说SatisfactionGuaranteed，为本单元的Reading做好了铺垫。Reading的课文是IsaacAsimov发表于1951年的科幻小说SatisfactionGuaranteed。文中描述的机器人Tony是一个除去面无表情外，身材高大、相貌英俊、聪明机智的完美男人，仅三周的时间就使女主人坠入爱河。Comprehending共有3个练习，练习1是关于克莱尔的情感变化，练习2是关于课文内容的5个问答题，旨在考查学生对课文的理解；练习3要求学生比较机器人Tony在physical，mental两方面与人的异同，与Pre－reading部分的问题相呼应。LearningaboutLanguage分为两部分，Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions是本单元词汇练习题；Revisingusefulstructures是本单元语法练习题，通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握不定式的被动语态。UsingLanguage分为两部分，Listeningandspeaking是Molly和Kate讨论SatisfactionGuaranteed的对话录音，要求学生根据对话内容学会运用表达自己观点的常用句型。这部分教学内容还要求学生以机器人为话题，充分发挥自己的想象力，谈论机器人做家务的利与弊。并且要求自己动手设计机器人，附上文字说明。Reading，discussingandwriting部分的内容是科幻小说家IsaacAsimov的生平介绍。文章后附有练习题。练习1要求学生根据时间线索了解在作者生命中发生的重要事件；练习2、3要求学生讨论IsaacAsimov的“机器人三定律”；练习4要求学生借助文章信息和练习1的表格笔头简述阿西莫夫的生平事迹。,教材重组　　　Period1WarmingUp，Pre－reading，ReadingandComprehendingPeriod2LanguageStudyPeriod3GrammarPeriod4Listening，SpeakingandWritingPeriod5UsingLanguagePeriod6ListeningandReadingTaskPeriod7Speaking，ListeningandWritingTask三维目标　　　知识目标1．掌握本单元教学目的和要求中的单词和词汇。如：fiction，desire，satisfaction，alarm，alarmed，sympathy，elegant，pile，scan，fingernail，absurd，haircut，accompany，counter，cushion，awful，affair，declare，envy，testout，ringup，turnaround，leave...aloneetc。2．帮助学生更多地了解机器人以及有关的科幻小说、小说家阿西莫夫及其文学作品。3．复习被动语态和学习动词不定式的被动形式。能力目标学会使用推测和确信的表达法。情感目标培养学生的想象力和对未知世界的探索精神。教学重点　　　1．更多地了解机器人以及科幻小说。2．掌握女主人公克莱尔的感情和心理上的变化。教学难点　　　1．巩固动词不定式的被动式的用法。2．学会使用推测和确信的表达法。教学方法　　　1．任务型教学。2．合作型教学。Period1　WarmingUp，Pre－reading，ReadingandComprehendingTeachinggoals　　　1．Beabletolearnsomeimportantwordsandphrases.fiction，desire，satisfaction，alarm，alarmed，sympathy，elegant，pile，scan，fingernail，absurd，haircut，accompany，cushion，awful，affair，declare，envy，testout，ringup，turnaround，leave...aloneetc.2．Helpstudentstolearnaboutrobotsandsciencefiction.3．Enablestudentstorealizesciencefictionreflectsscientificthought；fictionofthings－to－comebasedonthings－on－hand.Teachingimportantpoints　　　1．EnablestudentstograspwhatTonydidtohelpClaireandhowherfeelingstowardsTonychangedduringTony'sstayatherhouse.2．Helpstudentstosumupcharacteristicsofsciencefiction.,Teachingdifficultpoints　　　HowClaire'sfeelingstowardsTonychangedduringTony'sstayatherhouse.Teachingmethods　　　Discussing，explaining，readingandpracticingTeachingaids　　　ThemultimediacomputerTeachingprocedures　　　Step1　Warmingup1．Presentphotosofdifferentkindsofrobots.Thenaskthestudentstosaysomethingabouttheirfavoriterobots.2．Askstudentstodiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairs.(1)Whatisarobot?(2)Whatcanarobotdo?Suggestedanswers：(1)Arobotisamachinedesignedtodojobsthatareusuallyperformedbyhumans.Robotsareprogrammedandcontrolledbyacomputer.(2)Arobotcandomanythings.Forexample，itcanplaymusic，singsongsanddancetomusic；itcanpourtea，sweepthefloorandcookdinner；itcanplayfootball；itcanexploredangerousplaces；itcanplaywithchildren；itcanserveusetc.Step2　Pre－readingLookatthephotosofrobotsandaskstudentstodiscussthequestionsinPre－readingingroups.Studentsareencouragedtospeakouttheiropinionsfreely.1．Wherewouldyoufindeachrobot？Whatdoeseachonedo?2．Canyouthinkofanyothertypeofrobot?3．Doyouthinkitispossibleforarobottothinkforitself，havefeelings，haveitsownneedsanddesires，orlookandfeellikeahumanbeing?Step3　Skimming1．Skimthetexttofindoutthemaincharactersinthestory.TitleCharactersintheSatisfactionGuaranteed,storyemployedinacompanythatmaderobotsLarry'swife，ahousewifearobotawomanthatClaireenvied　　Keys：TitleCharactersinthestorySatisfactionGuaranteedLarryBelmontemployedinacompanythatmaderobotsClaireLarry'swife，ahousewife[来源:学科网ZXXK]TonyarobotGladysClaffernawomanthatClaireenvied　　2.Ingroups，findanswerstothefollowingquestions：(1)WhatdidTonylooklike?(2)WhatwasLarryBelmont'sproblemintheend?Severalminuteslaterchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Suggestedanswers：(1)Hewastallandhandsomealthoughhisfacialexpressionsneverchanged.Hishairwassmoothandblackandhisvoicewasdeep.(2)HiswifemayhavefalleninlovewithTony，therobot.Step4　Scanning1．Askstudentstoreadthetextcarefullyandthenfindoutthetruestatements.(1)Clairedidn'tliketheideaatthebeginning，butsheagreedtoitatlast.(2)WhenTony，therobot，offeredtohelpdressing，Clairewaspleasedtoacceptit.Butshethoughtitwassurprisingforarobottobesohuman.(3)TonycouldunderstandClairewhenshesaidshewasnotclever.(4)Clairewassorryshecoulddolittletohelpherhusband，whowantedtoimprovehissocialposition.(5)TonywaseagertohelpClaire.Hescannedquitealotofbooksinthelibrary，buthecouldfindnowayout.(6)TonywenttotownwithClairetobuythingshewantedtoimprovethehouse.(7)WhileTonyworkedontheimprovementsofthehouse，Clairealsodidherpart.(8)Claire'sguestswerefilledwithadmirationwhentheysawherhousewascompletelychanged.(9)ClairewasveryhappytofindthatGladysenviedher.(10)ThecompanywasverypleasedwithTony'sreportbecausehehadsuccessfullymadeawomanfallinlovewithhim.Keys：Truestatements：(1)，(3)，(4)，(7)and(9)2．Ingroups，discussthequestionsinComprehendingonPage12.(1)WhydidTonyopenthecurtains?(2)WhatdidTonydotopreventClairefrombeingharmed?(3)WhydidTonyhavetoberebuilt?(4)HowwouldyoufeelifyouhadarobotlikeTonyinyourhouse?(5)ClairespentthreeweekswithTonyinherhouse.Whichsentencesinthestoryshowthat,shekeptforgettingandthenrememberinghewasamachine?Severalminuteslaterchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Suggestedanswers：(1)HewantedClaire'sgueststoseehimandClairetogethersothatshecouldbeenviedbythewomenguests.(2)TonypreventedClairefrombeingharmedbymakingherfeelgoodaboutherself.Hehelpedhermakeherandherhomeelegantsothatshewouldnotfeellikeafailure.(3)Becausethecompany(designers)feltthattheycouldnothavewomenfallinginlovewithmachines.(4)Variousanswerscanbeaccepted.(5)Sentences：Howabsurd，shethought.Hewasjustamachine.Heheldherfirmlyinhisarmsandshefeltthewarmthofhisbody.Shescreamed，pushedhimawayandrantoherroomfortherestoftheday.Thensheremembered—Tonywasjustamachine.Sheshouted“Leavemealone”andrantoherbed.3．Ingroups，listTony'scharacteristicsthatweresimilartoandthosethatweredifferentfromthoseofahumanbeing.CharacteristicsSimilarDifferentPhysicalMental[来源:Zxxk.Com]　　Suggestedanswers：CharacteristicsSimilarDifferentPhysicalLookslikeahumanbeing.Bodyandskinsoftandwarm.Hairandfingernailsrealistic.Voicelikeahuman's.Facialexpressionsneverchange.Quickerreactions(ShefelloffaladderandeventhoughTonywasinthenextroom，hemanagedtocatchherintime.)MentalAbletomakesuggestionsandpredictions.Abletomakeaplanandfollowitthrough.Hasgoodcommunicationskills.Behaviournotappropriate(Tonybroughtherbreakfastandthenaskedherwhethersheneededhelpdressing.)Step5　Comprehending1．TellstudentsthatClaire'sfeelingstowardsTonychangedasthestorydeveloped.ReadthestoryagainandthenfillintheoccasionswhenClairehadthesefeelings.Occasion[来源:学|科|网]ClaireOccasion[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]Clairedislikedhimcalledhimadearwasalarmedfelthiswarmthfeltembarrassedfeltbeingenviedadmiredhimcriedallnight　　Suggestedanswers：OccasionClaireOccasionClaire1.Beforehearriveddislikedhim5.Whenhehelpedherwiththesalesmancalledhimadear,2.Whenhearrivedwasalarmed6.WhenshefelloffaladderandcaughtbyTonyfelthiswarmth3.Whenheofferedtohelpherdressfeltembarrassed7.WhensheheardGladyswhisperingtoanotherwomanthatshehadneverseenanyonesohandsomeasTonyfeltbeingenvied4.Whenheofferedtohelpherimproveherhouseandherselfadmiredhim8.WhensherememberedTonywasjustamachinecriedallnight　　2.AfterfillingintheoccasionswhenClairehadthesefeelings，askstudentstoworktogethertofindouthowClaire'semotiondeveloped.Suggestedanswer：AtfirstrefusedtohaveTonyatherhouse—acceptedhim—trustedhim—proudofhim—lovedhim—sadtorememberhewasjustamachine(T：Fromheremotiondevelopment，wecanseeTonywasdesignedasaMr.Perfect.HeisdesignednottoharmClaireorallowhertobeharmed.ThisisoneofIsaac'sthreelawsforrobots.Laterinthisunitwewilllearnmoreabouthisthreelaws.)Step6　DiscussionIngroups，discussthefollowingquestions.(Studentsareencouragedtospeakouttheiropinionsfreely.)WhatsuggestionsdoyouwanttogivetoLarryBelmontasanengineer?WhatsuggestionsdoyouwanttogivetoLarryBelmontasahusband?Step7　Homework1．Learntheusefulwordsandphrasesinthisunitbyheart.2．Rememberthecharacteristicsofsciencefiction.3．SurftheInternettolearnmoreaboutrobotsandsciencefiction.